摘要
目的了解深圳市2005-2011年狂犬病门诊暴露人群流行特征,为狂犬病预防控制及暴露人群门诊伤口处置提供依据。方法收集深圳市2005-2011年狂犬病门诊暴露人群监测数据,对数据进行流行病学统计分析。结果2005-2011年深圳市所有狂犬病接种门诊共登记435 669名暴露者,年平均暴露率为677.85/10万,不同年份人群狂犬病暴露率的差别有统计学意义(χ2=2 413.35,P<0.001);暴露人群男女比例为1.37:1,主要为青壮年;伤人动物主要以家犬为主,占55.24%(240 654例),受伤部位主要在上肢(42.86%)和下肢(47.80%),其中Ⅲ级暴露占13.47%(58 685例),Ⅲ级暴露人群中有26.52%(15 565/58 700)的暴露者在接种狂犬疫苗的同时还接种了狂犬病免疫球蛋白,Ⅲ级暴露人群中不同年份狂犬病免疫球蛋白的接种率的差别有统计学意义(χ2=4 026.57,P<0.001)。结论深圳市狂犬病暴露人群逐年增多,须加强对犬伤门诊的处置培训,尤其要提高Ⅲ级暴露人群中狂犬病免疫球蛋白使用率。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of exposed crowds of human rabies from 2005 to 2011 in Shenzhen city,so as to provide basis for prevention and control of human rabies and wound disposal.Method The data of exposed population of human rabies from 2005 to 2011 in Shenzhen city were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 435 669 cases from 2005 to 2011 were registered in Shenzhen,and the average rate of exposure to human rabies was 687.17/100 000.The rate had significant statistical differences from 2005 to 2011（χ2 = 2 413.35,P 0.001）.The ratio of the male to female was 1.37∶ 1.Among all cases,exposed people aged mostly from 15 to 45 years old and most of people who were bitten by dogs accounted for 55.24%（240 654cases）.Injured areas mainly in the upper limbs（42.86%） and lower limbs（47.80%）,in which grade Ⅲ exposure accounted for 13.47%（58 685 cases）.The rate of vaccination and immune globulins injection at the same time was 26.52%（15 565/58 700）,and the rate of immune globulins injection had significant statistical differences from 2005 to 2011（χ2 = 4 026.57,P 0.001）.Conclusions The people exposed to human rabies increased year by year.Training of disposal of dogs related to injury for doctors in Shenzhen city should be strengthened,and especially the usage rate of rabies immunoglobulin among grade Ⅲ exposure crowds should be increased.
出处
《医学动物防制》
2013年第5期514-516,共3页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
关键词
狂犬病
暴露人群
流行特征
Human rabies
Exposed crowds
Epidemiological characteristics
