摘要
绅士权威有两个来源,其知识来源是:知识正当化使绅士成为文化权威,知识等级化使绅士成为政治权威,知识公共化使绅士成为道德权威。其社会来源是,由于古代绅士跟州县官在知识视野上具有交集视域,跟乡村平民在社会视野上具有交集视域,并且州县官与乡村平民在知识视野与社会视野上存着着双重空集视域,所以绅士是州县官与平民之间的中介,而这为绅士在乡村社会的权威奠定了社会基础。但是,随着科举制度的废除,古代绅士逐步逐代向现代知识分子转型,在这个转型过程中,绅士权威的知识来源与社会来源都解体了,于是绅士权威也崩塌了。而绅士权威在乡村社会的崩溃,正是启蒙运动失败的根源。
This article aims to analyze the gradual shift of authority in the transformation of ancient gentry to modern intellectuals in rural China during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Base on the analysis,gentry＇s authority comes from intellectual origins and social origins. Legitimation,hierarchy and publicity make gentry＇s authority in cultural,political and moral area. There is＂convergent horizon＂in the intellectual area and social area while ＂divergent horizon＂exists between the country magistrate and villager in the intellectual area and social area. The ancient gentry as intermediary between the country magistrate and villager and forms the authority in the rural society. With the abolition of Civil Service Examination,the gentry＇s authority was gradually undermined duo to the urbanization of modern intellectuals with the crash of the intellectual origins and social origins. The transformation of ancient gentry to modern intellectuals leads to the failure of the Enlightenment.
出处
《华南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第2期123-132,共10页
Journal of South China Agricultural University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家留学基金公派联合培养博士生项目(201206100043)
关键词
绅士
知识分子
权威
启蒙
科举制度
gentry
intellectuals
authority
the Enlightenment
Civil Service Examination
