摘要
本文结合非期望产出模型和非导向的SBM-NDEA模型(非径向模型)对我国54个城市的创新效率进行客观、系统的评价。实证结果表明:(1)我国城市创新无论是其整体,还是其上下游两阶段,效率值都偏低,均有很大的提升空间;特别地,除了北京、上海、天津、海口等13个城市属于高效集约型技术创新外,大部分城市表现为两阶段效率双差或一强一差;(2)技术商业化阶段对创新总效率的影响较大,而上下游两阶段之间并不匹配、不协调,表明这些城市在技术开发和技术商业化之间的沟通和协调上处理得不好;因此,在城市创新系统的运作过程中,做好两阶段间的合作、沟通、过渡、协调工作能够有效地提升系统的整体效率;(3)从非期望产出的改进空间来看,城市间差异较大。针对以上研究发现,本文为政策制定者和管理者提供了可参考的政策建议。
Driven by economic globalization and new technology revolution, innovative city management has become an important mode for sustainable development, as well as the key measure for realizing China＇s innovation-driven national strategy. However, constrained by limited innovation resources and environment pressure, the challenge ties on how to generate more innovation output by utilizing less innovation resources, and how to build an innovative city which is also resource saving and environmental friendly. Following deficiencies exist in current research on city innovation efficiency： （1） early research consider innovation process as a ＇black box＇, which neglects internal process and stage characteristics within the system; （2） current research open up the black box＇, but the model selection are flawed, and the indicator selection neglects the influence of the undesirable outputs （bad outputs） （e.g. environmental pollution） generated during innovation process. Above mentioned deficiencies negatively influence the effectiveness and accuracy of innovation efficiency evaluation. Based on literature review, this research separates innovation process into technology development stage and technology commercialization stage, andconstructs the input-output indicator system of the two stages. In the technology commercialization stage, undesirable outputs indicators in innovation outputs are included： energy consumption per unit GDP, industrial waste water per unit GDP, industrial SO2 emission per unit GDP, and industrial smoke （dust） emission per unit GDR The data sources are ＇China City Statistics 2013＇, ＇China Science and Technology Statistics 2013＇, provincial and city statistics 2013, from which innovation related data of 54 Chinese cities are collected. The non-directional SBM-NDEA model （a non-radial model） is used to evaluate and analysis the two-stage efficiencies and overall efficiencies of city innovativeness of 54 cities in China in the year 2012. The software MaxDEA 6.
出处
《管理工程学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第1期9-18,共10页
Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
基金
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(71232047)
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(71372055)
关键词
网络数据包络分析(NDEA)
技术开发
技术商业化
创新效率
network data envelopment analysis （NDEA）
technology development
technology commercialization
innovation efficiencies
