摘要
清代刑部是"天下刑名之总汇",刑部堂官作为部务的决策者,对本部的政务与人事两方面都负有责任。刑部堂官的人选,清初以开坊翰林为主,乾隆中期以后逐渐转变为兼用翰林和本部秋审处出身的司官。此外,刑部又形成了由"当家堂官"在部坐办看稿的行政模式。晚清当家堂官的权力愈发集中,诸堂"因其人而生权力"。除"六堂",刑部在乾隆以后还长期存在大学士管部的情况。乾隆年间的管部大学士掌握部内人事大权,嘉庆以后则逐渐虚化,对部务的干涉较少。总的来说,清代刑部"法律知识主导权力运作"的人事安排符合刑部执法谳狱工作的需要,有助于推动刑部的法律专业化进程。
The Ministry of Justice was the core authority handling criminal affairs in Qing Dynasty.The chief officials in the ministry were decision makers who were responsible for the government affairs operation and personnel affairs.In the period of middle Qianlong,chief officials selection in the Ministry of Justice changed from Hanlin to both Hanlin and low rank officials in the ministry.After that,the new administration mode where the premier official read document professionally and firstly was formed.In late Qing dynasty,the premier official’power became more and more concentrated.In addition to six chief officials,there was a grand secretary in the ministry after the Qianlong period.The radios of grand secretary controlled the personnel affairs in the ministry in Qianlong period,and their power weakened after the Jiaqing period.In a word,legal knowledge became the leading factor in power operation.Its development accorded with the government affairs and was helpful to promote the specialization of the ministry.
作者
郑小悠
ZHENG Xiao-you(Office of Ancient Book Preservation,National Library of China,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《北京社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第12期64-73,共10页
Social Sciences of Beijing
关键词
清代
六堂
管部大学士
当家堂官
权力分配
Qing Dynasty
six chief officials
the ratios of grand secretary
premier official
power allocation
