摘要
目的通过分析新疆喀什地区痢疾流行现状,发现高危因素,为今后采取针对性预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法资料来源于2005—2014年中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统,采用描述流行病学方法分析痢疾的三间分布特征。结果喀什地区2005—2014年累计报告痢疾17 860例,年平均报告发病率为45.57/10万,年平均报告死亡率0.01/10万,病死率为0.002%。发病人群以3岁以下儿童为主,男女之比1.11∶1。喀什地区痢疾发病有明显的季节性,5—9月份为发病高峰期。喀什噶尔河流域区域(伽师县、岳普湖县、疏附县、疏勒县、喀什市)的5个县市发病率明显高于叶尔羌河流域区域(英吉沙县、莎车县、泽普县、叶城县、麦盖提县、巴楚县)的6个县,二者相比差异有统计学意义(χ2=2 824.01,P<0.01)。流行菌株为福氏志贺菌。结论 2005—2014年痢疾发病率总体呈现下降趋势,可能与监测方式改变有关;发病以农民、散居儿童为主。喀什地区应针对重点人群、重点区域采取以管理好传染源、切断传播途径、健康教育、大搞爱国卫生、加强饮用水管理为主的综合预防措施,防止出现暴发流行,持续有效控制痢疾报告发病率。
[Objective]To analyze the epidemic situation of dysentery in Kashi area of Xinjiang, find out the risk factors, and provide scientific basis for carrying out the targeted preventive measures in future.[Methods]The dada were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control from 2005-2014, and the characteristics of temporal distribution, region distribution and population distribution of dysentery were analyzed by the descriptive epidemiology method.[Results]A total of 17 860 cases of dysentery were reported in Kashi area from 2005-2014, while the average annual reported incidence rate, the average annual reported mortality rate and the fatality rate was 45.57/lakh, 0.01/lakh and 0.002%, respectively.Most of patients were children under 3 years old, and the male-to-female ratio was 1.11 ∶1.There was an obvious seasonality in the incidence rate of dysentery,and the peak season appeared March to September.The incidence rate in five counties/cities of Kashigaer River basin（Payzawat County, Yopurga County, Shufu County, Shule County and Kashi City） was significantly higher than that in 6 counties of Yerqiang River basin（Yengisar County, Yarkant County, Poskam Country, Yecheng County, Makit County and Marabishi County）, and difference was statistically significant（χ2=2 824.01, P 〈0.01）.The dominant pathogen was Shigella flexneri.[Conclusion] The incidence rate of dysentery shows a declining trend from 2005-2014, which may be related to the change of monitoring mode.The high-risk populations are farmers and scattered children.In Kashi area, it is necessary to carry out the comprehensive preventive measures, including management of the infection source, cutting off the route of transmission, health education, vigorously strengthening the patriotic public health, and improving the drinking water management, to prevent outbreaks and effectively control the reported incidence rate of dysentery.
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2015年第21期3023-3025,共3页
Occupation and Health
关键词
痢疾
菌株
流行病学分析
Dysentery
Strain
Epidemiological analysis
