摘要
根据近年来在闽东南茶叶主产区完成的19个"3414"设计方案的氮磷钾肥效试验结果,建立投产铁观音茶园氮磷钾施肥指标,包括茶园土壤肥力分级和目标产量、各土壤肥力等级或目标产量下的氮磷钾经济施肥量和比例、茶园速效氮磷钾丰缺指标、测土推荐施肥以及施肥时期和方法等5个技术内容。结果表明,铁观音茶施用氮磷钾的平均增产效果是N>K>P,平均经济施肥量为N 371 kg?hm-2、P2O5 101 kg?hm-2、K2O 136 kg?hm-2,三要素比例为1:0.3:0.4,但不同肥力等级或目标产量的经济施肥量存在较大差异。碱解氮、Olsen-P和速效钾的高产临界指标分别为200 mg?kg-1、45 mg?kg-1和115 mg?kg-1;建立了测土推荐施肥关系式,实现了根据土壤测定计算具体地块推荐施肥量的目的。研究结果为铁观音茶园测土配方施肥提供了施肥指标依据。
Based on 19 field experiments, the indices of N, P and K fertilization for Tie-guanyin （Camellia sinensis cv.） at the plantations were established. The “3414” design for the experimentation was applied to arrive at amathematic model for optimizing fertilization of the major production areas in southeast Fujian. The indices for determination included soil fertility gradings and target yield, economical application rate for NPK under the soil fertility gradings or objected yield, surplus and deficiency critical index for available NPK in soil, soil testing and fertilization recommendation, as well as fertilization time and method. The results showed that the tea yield increased in the order of N 〉 K 〉 P in the fertilizer applications. The most economical application rates for a Tie-guanyin tea plantation were determined to be371 kgN·hm-2, 101 kgP2O5·hm-2 and 136 kgK2O·hm-2 at the proportion of N：P：K=1：0.3：0.4.Both soil fertility and target yield would affect the recommended rates. The high yield critical index for the alkali-hydrolyzable N was 200mg·kg-1, while 45mg·kg-1for Olsen- P, and 115mg·kg-1for available K in soil. A regression model between the available NPK in soil and the optimal application rate was obtained to provide a computational means for appropriate fertilization of Tie-guanyin tea production under selected conditions.
出处
《茶叶学报》
2015年第3期151-158,共8页
Acta Tea Sinica
基金
科技部国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD15B01)
农业部测土配方施肥项目(2011~2015)
关键词
铁观音
茶园
氮磷钾
指标
推荐施肥
Tie-guanyin （Camellia sinensis cv）
tea plantation
NPK
critical index
fertilization recommendation
