摘要
清华简《保训》问世后,学界给予了高度的关注。但是,无论在文字的释读、隶定,抑或思想史层面的研究上,都存在较大分歧,实际上很多问题还有待于进一步研究。本人认为,清华简《保训》涉及古代源远流长的一种方术——气占。殷周时代,卜筮之风隆盛,灼龟为卜问,蓍占为筮问。这两种祷问术数因有殷墟甲骨和《周易》的传世,人们知之甚详。但对于"气占"这一方术了解甚少,清华简《保训》的问世,唤醒了我们对古代这一方术的记忆。换言之,必须从气占视域去分析与评论《保训》"测阴阳之物",才能弄清楚其中的真实含义。气占与天人感应世界观紧密相关,除了人与自然相互影响之外,气占在性质上是一种方术,在某些层面也可以说是一种古代巫术。气占祈求通过某种技术手段,揣摩天心天意,力求做到人事与天意协调一致,期盼天降祥瑞而不是谴告,从而达到天命不移之社会目的。
Since it was made public, the Baoxun（Instructions for Preservation） bamboo manuscript of Tsinghua University has aroused widespread academic interest. However, there exist great differences on the recognition and interpretations of the Characters as well as on the researches concerning intellectual history. This article argues on the existence of the idea of Qi Divination in the Baoxun bamboo manuscript of Tsinghua University. Divination is very popular during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties. People use turtle shell and yarrow to divine. These two ways of divination was well known because of Zhouyi and the discovered oracle bones from the Yin Ruins. In the meantime, there are few ancient records on Qi Divination. The appearance of the Baoxun bamboo manuscript of Tsinghua University awoke our memories on the ancient astrology. From the perspective of Qi Divination, the meaning of ＂distinguishing the Object of Yin and Yang＂ can be clarified. Qi Divination has a close relationship with the worldview of ＂Telepathy between Heaven and Man＂.As an ancient astrology, Qi Divination tries to coordinate ＂ the will of Heaven＂ and ＂ the effort of Man＂ through technical ways. The purpose of Qi Divination is to help people gain good luck and achieve their social targets through the authority of Heaven.
出处
《中原文化研究》
2015年第4期21-29,共9页
The Central Plains Culture Research
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目"中华文化元典基本概念研究"(12AZD082)阶段性成果
关键词
《保训》
气
气占
阴阳
Baoxun
Qi
Qi Divination
Yin and Yang
