摘要
“疑古”派在“层累说”观念左右下对古史人事及相关典籍出现早晚的判断,不断遭遇到新出简帛文献的挑战,“走出疑古”的声音即是在此过程中所发出,由此又出现了只要是出土文献“便没有辨伪问题”的说法和态度。然而清华简《保训》、上博简《鲁邦大旱》《武王践阼》《季庚(康)子问于孔子》等简文中的种种疑点,又提醒我们对古人所说同样不能信任太过。究其因,先秦有些著述存在援用“说体”和采用“托体”以叙事、说理的现象,这就既不能仅凭见于文献早晚以断言人物故事产生时间,也不能听信古人说一是一,说二是二,而是应该回到“疑古”与“信古”之间,对于出土文献,同样需要在甄别、辨析基础上加以客观的把握和使用。
The judgements on ancient history and personage, as well as the completion time of many ancient books made by the School of Historical Skepticism under the idea of stratum accumulation of historical narratives have been encountering constant challenges from newly excavated silk and bamboo documents, and some statements were denied due to the Guodian Chu Slips, the Chu Silk Manuscripts, the Mawangdui Silk Manuscripts and etc. In this process, there emerged the voice of “going beyond historical skepticism” and then the attitude that “there is no need of textual criticism of excavated documents.” Yet the doubtful points in the bamboo slips collected by Tsinghua University and Shanghai Museum warn that we cannot put too much trust in the discourses of ancients, either. That is because there existed the conditions of applying the styles of argumentation and pretext when narrating and reasoning, thus the time of personage or story could not be judged by the time of document. That is to say, the excavated documents also need discrimination and analysis.
出处
《文史哲》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期87-97,167,共12页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
基金
国家社科基金项目“先秦两汉文学考古研究”(02BZW038)、国家社科基金项目“先秦说体研究”(10BZW032)
山东省社科规划重点项目“简帛说体故事与中国古代训语传统研究”(16BZWJ09)的研究成果。
