摘要
连作对油料作物中的花生、大豆、芝麻生长发育有显著的负面影响,主要表现为植株矮小瘦弱,衰老进程加速,干物质积累量变少,病虫害发生程度加重和产量急速下降。笔者在综述了国内外有关油料作物连作障碍的文献基础上,认为引起油料作物连作障碍的主要因素有土壤和植株营养元素匮乏、土壤微生物区系失衡、土壤某些酶活性降低、自毒物质积累增多等4个方面。总结了目前比较实用的4项连作障碍生态修复技术,分别为耐重茬优良品种的选育与应用、抗重茬专用肥的施用、耕作方式的改进、生物制剂与土壤消毒剂的应用,希望能够为消除油料作物的连作障碍提供理论参考。
The negative effect of continuous cropping on growth and development of oil crops （peanut, soybean, sesame） was large. Under continuous cropping condition, the plant became shorter, dry matter accumulation decreased, senescence was accelerated, diseases and pests of plant increased, and the yield declined rapidly. Based on current research achievements on continuous cropping obstacles of oil crops home and abroad, it viewed that there were four factors that could result in continuous cropping obstacles, which were lacking of soil and plant nutrients, microbial flora imbalance, decreased soil enzymes activities and increased auto toxicity accumulation. This paper summarized four restoration methods for continuous cropping obstacles by far, including breeding continuous cropping tolerant varieties, developing special continuous cropping resistant fertilizer, improving farming ways, as well as application of biologics and soil disinfectants. Based on this, it was hoped to provide theoretical reference for ecological restoration measures on continuous cropping obstacles of oil crops.
出处
《农学学报》
2015年第6期29-33,共5页
Journal of Agriculture
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目"国家芝麻产业技术体系南昌综合试验站"(CARS-15-2-05)
江西省农业科学院创新(青年)基金"芝麻连作根际土壤主要病原微生物与土壤酶互作机理研究"(2011CQN005)
江西省对外科技合作计划"芝麻连作障碍生态修复关键技术研究与示范"(20121BDH80028)
关键词
油料作物
连作障碍
生态修复
研究进展
Oil Crops
Continuous Cropping Obstacles
Ecological Restoration
Research Progres
