摘要
目的了解元江县60年传染病流行规律和变化趋势,为今后制订传染病防控策略及措施提供科学依据。方法用描述流行病学方法,对元江县1953~2012年的传染病报告病例进行统计分析。结果元江县1953~2012年共报告传染病28种357 922例,年均发病率3 946.95/10万。消灭了烈性传染染病天花;消除了白喉、脊髓灰质炎、鼠疫、炭疽、百日咳、钩端螺旋体病、斑疹伤寒;已基本消除了疟疾、麻疹、流行性乙型脑炎、流行性脑膜炎、新生儿破伤风、麻风病;新发现传染病有艾滋病、甲型H1N1流感、手足口病。发病率顺位居前五位的传染病由1953~1962年的流感、疟疾、痢疾、麻疹、百日咳转变为2002~2013年的手足口、腮腺炎、肺结核、感染性腹泻、肝炎。2002~2013年,呼吸道传染病在总传染病发病中的构成比由1963~1972年75.87%降至31.89%;肠道传染病由1953~1962年的9.87%上升至49.84%;自然疫源性及虫媒传染病由1953~1962年的73.06%降至5.67%;血液性及性传播疾病自1990年后有报道,所占比例逐年上升。艾滋病、肺结核、手足口、流行性腮腺炎、病毒性肝炎、感染性腹泻、淋病是元江县当前流行的主要传染病。结论元江县60年传染病发病总体呈现下降趋势,传染病谱、发病顺位发生了重大变化。今后防控工作必须提高传染病法制化管理水平,针对各种传染病流行特征制订综合性防控措施并加以落实,重点抓好免疫规划疫苗针对疾病的控制以及艾滋病、肺结核、手足口等重点传染病的监测与防控。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and epidemic trend of infectious diseases inYuanjiang in the last 60 years and to provide scientific basis for making preventive and control measures. Methods The dataof infectious diseases in Yuanjiang from 1953 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results A total of 357 922 cases of 28 kinds of infectious diseases were reported from 1953 to 2012, with the average annualincidence of 3 946.95/100 000. Smallpox was entirely eliminated;Diphtheria, polio, plague, anthrax, chincough, leptospirosisand scrub typhus were eliminated. Malaria, measles, epidemic encephalitis B, epidemic meningitis, neonatal tetanus andleprosy were almost eliminated. But AIDS, Influenza A（H1N1）, hand-foot-mouth diseases（HFMD） still occurred. The top fiveinfectious diseases influenza, malaria, dysentery, measles and chincough in 1953- 1962 were replaced by HFMD, mumps,tuberculosis, infectious diarrhea and hepatitis in 2002-2013.The proportion of respiratory tract infection diseases dropped from75.87% in 1963-1972 to 31.89% in 2002-2013. Whereas that of intestinal infectious diseases increased from 9.87% during1953-1962 to 49.84% and that of natural focus disease and arbo-borne infectious disease reduced from 75.87% during 1953-1962 to 5.67%.Blood source and sexually transmitted diseases were reported after 1990 and their proportions showed a risingtrend year by year. AIDS, tuberculosis, HFMD, mumps, viral hepatitis, infectious diarrhea, gonorrhea were the major infectiousdiseases in Yuanjiang. Conclusion The incidence of infectious diseases in Yuanjiang showed a downward trend in recent 60 years and their spectrum and sequence had changed a lot. Therefore emphasis be focused on enhancing management ofinfectious disease and developing comprehensive measures including vaccine program and surveillance of the major infectiousdiseases such as AIDS, tuberculosis, hand-foot-mouth diseases.
出处
《中国热带医学》
CAS
2015年第5期581-584,共4页
China Tropical Medicine
关键词
法定传染病
发病率
传染病谱变迁
疫情分析
Notifiable disease
Incidence
Change of infectious diseases spectrum
Analysis of epidemic situation
