摘要
针对药液难以穿透篱笆型果树冠层,施药机具对果树冠层的适应性差等问题,提出双侧同时气流辅助喷雾方法,采用电动丝杆调节雾化器的上下左右运动,以变频法调节风机转速,设计了可根据果树外形来调节喷雾位置的组合圆盘式果树风送喷雾机。设计的圆盘式雾化器为单叶轮级（R级）,风机叶轮直径为400 mm,当风机转速大于1 300 r/min时,风量大于1 m3/s;试验结果表明,组合喷雾执行装置完成升降、伸缩和旋转的时间分别为51.3、50.5、26.5 s;在0.4 MPa工作压力、风机转速为1 400 r/min时,不同喷头的喷雾量差异较小;雾滴粒径在射程方向上先增大后减小;垂直雾量分布的范围为1-2.4 m,雾量分布较均匀;在叶面积指数为37.6的非洲茉莉上,树冠外围的正反面覆盖率一致,冠层内叶片正反面覆盖率分别达到为12.77%和9.74%,最小雾滴数为47滴/cm^2,大于通用试验方法对风送喷雾中喷幅界定的20滴/cm^2。该研究为篱笆型果树病虫害防治提供新装备,为果园风送喷雾机改进设计提供参考。
In order to mechanize the pesticide application of fence-type fruit tree, enhance the droplet deposition in canopy and improve work efficiency, a combined disc air-assisted orchard sprayer was developed. The mechanism design theory and virtual prototyping technology were adopted to design the disc atomizer and combined spray execution device. Single impeller was put to use in disc atomizer design, and the diameter of impeller was 0.4 m. Six-step motors were included in the combined spray execution device for lifting, rotating and contraction, the rotating and lifting speed were 4 rad/s and 0.12 m/s, respectively. The adjustable range of spray height was from 3 to 4 m, and the hemi-spray width was adjustable from 2 to 3 m. So it was suitable for the fence-type orchard with row spacing of from 4 to 6 m. The container’s capacity was 1 000 L, and the spray volume was 51.63 L under the rated working pressure of 0.4 MPa. The distance of the run was up to 1 500 m, and the work efficiency was 2 times of single spray. The average spray volumes of the 8 nozzles of disc atomizer were 807, 894 and 1 020 mL/min under the pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa respectively, while the standard deviations were 7.4, 8.2 and 7.8. It showed that spray volumes of different nozzles had small change, while spray volume increased with the increasing of spray pressure. The droplet diameters at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 m along the direction of range were measured by DP-02 laser particle size analyzer under the pressures of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 MPa. The droplet diameters were 140, 135 and 122 μm in the distance of 2 m from the nozzle. The maximum diameter was in the distance of 4 m from the nozzle. The diameter decreased as the distance increased when the distance was greater than 4 m, while the diameter increased as the distance increased when the distance was less than 4 m. Spray deposition in vertical direction was mainly between 1 and 2 m above floor, and the maximum deposition was between 1.4 and 1.6 m. The data offered the basi
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期64-71,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2008AA100903)
公益性行业(农业科研专项经费资助)(201220025)
关键词
农业机械
农药
设计
果园喷雾机
圆盘
风送喷雾
果树
agricultural machine
pesticides
design
orchard sprayer
disc atomizer
air-assist
fruit tree
