1McParland M, Noble LM, Livingston G. The effectiveness of prob- lem-based learning compared to traditional teaching in undergradu- ate psychiatry[ J]. Med Educ, 2004,38 (8) :859-867. 被引量:1
3Choon-Huat KohG, Khoo H, Wong M. The effects of problem- based learning during medical school on physician competency: a systematic review[ J ]. Research, 2008,178 ( 1 ) :61. 被引量:1
4Norman GR, Wenghofer E, Klass D. Predicting doctor perform-ance outcomes of curriculum interventions : problem-based learning and continuing competence [ J ]. Med Educ, 2008, 42 (8) : 794-799. 被引量:1
2[1]Neufeld VR,Barrows HS.The"McMaster Philosophy":An approach to medical education.[J].J Med Educ,1974,49:1040. 被引量:1
3[2]Wood DF.Problem based learning.[J].BMJ,2003,326-328. 被引量:1
4[3]Albanese MA,Mitchell S.Problem-based learning:a review of literature on its outcomes and implementation issues[J].Acad Med,1993,68:52. 被引量:1
5[4]Groves M,Orourke P,Alexander H.The association between student characteristics and the development of clinical reasoning in a graduate -entry,PBL medical programme[J].Med Teach,2003,25 (6):626. 被引量:1
6[5]Hitchock MA,Anderson AS.Dealing with dysfunctional tutorial groups[J].Teaching and Learning in Medicine,1997,9(1):19. 被引量:1
7Amabile,T.M.A model of Creativity and Innovation in Organization[J].Research in Organizational Behavior,1988(10):123-167. 被引量:1