摘要
以二倍体薄皮甜瓜为试验材料,应用硝基苯胺类除草剂二甲戊乐灵处理幼苗茎尖生长点,诱变产生薄皮甜瓜同源四倍体种质,并对变异植株进行气孔特征鉴定、流式细胞仪鉴定及根尖染色体数目鉴定,同时比较了四倍体和二倍体薄皮甜瓜在果实性状和繁殖特性上的差异。结果表明,应用80μmol/L二甲戊乐灵处理4d,所得到的四倍体诱变率最高(16.67%),优于利用秋水仙素处理得到的四倍体诱变率(10.00%),并且所需二甲戊乐灵的浓度仅为秋水仙素的0.8%;将气孔特征鉴定、流式细胞仪鉴定相结合可以准确快速确定变异株的倍性;与二倍体相比,四倍体植株气孔变大、气孔密度降低,保卫细胞内叶绿体数目增多,果肉增厚,中心可溶固形物质量分数增加,果形指数显著变小,单果质量差异不显著,花粉粒增大,花粉离体萌发率低,秕籽率高。
Oriental melon tetraploids were induced by treating the apical meristems with pendimethalin.The mutations were identified by stomata characteristics,flow cytometric analysis and chromosome numbers of root tips.The fruits and reproductive characteristics between diploids and tetraploids were compared as well as.The results showed that the highest tetraploids induction rate of 16.67% was obtained with 80μmol/L pendimethalin for 4days treatment,which was higher than colchicine treatment（10.00%）.Besides,the applied concentration of pendimethalin reached the highest induction rate was 0.8% of colchicine.The combination of stomata characteristics identification and flow cytometric analysis could be an efficient method for ploidy level determination of oriental melon.Compared to diploids,tetraploids had larger stomata size,lower stomata density and less chloroplast in guard cells.In fruit characteristics,tetraploids own thicker flesh,more center soluble solid content and lower fruit index.However,there are no significant differences shown in fruit weight.Although the pollen grain of tetraploid was bigger,lower pollen-vigorous and higher percentage（80%-90%）of empty-embryo seeds in the fruits led to the lower fertility.
出处
《西北农业学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第4期114-119,共6页
Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica
基金
江苏省自主创新项目[CX(12)5082]
南通市科技局项目(HL2013021)
江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所青年基金(G122602)
关键词
薄皮甜瓜
四倍体
二甲戊乐灵
倍性鉴定
流式细胞仪
Oriental melon
Tetraploid
Pendimethalin
Ploidy identification
Flow cytometric analysis
