摘要
以自我决定理论为指导,通过2项研究来探讨外部动机内化对运动员心理疲劳的影响。研究一:40名青少年足球运动员先后参与到2个实验室试验中,通过不同性质的无趣任务诱发心理疲劳,检验不同动机类型下运动员心理疲劳的情况;研究二:以教练为运动员提供的自主环境为自变量,利用试验组、对照组前后测准试验设计,考察真实运动情境中,运动员外部动机内化对心理疲劳的影响。结果表明:运动员外部动机的内化水平与心理疲劳存在显著负相关;外部动机内化的变化在一定条件下可预测心理疲劳的变化;当运动员外部动机内化水平变低时,心理疲劳的程度升高;外部动机内化可增加运动员对无趣任务的认同经验和控制感,从而降低负性体验。结果提示,提高运动员的自主支持可促使运动员外部动机内化,从而对心理疲劳起到预防作用。
Based on Self-determination Theory （SDT）, two studies were conducted to explore the effect of external motivation internalization on athlete burn-out. Study I employed 2 laboratory experiments and 40 young football players for this study. Different boring tasks were used to induce burnout and test athlete burnout under different motivations. Study II used the autonomy-supportive conditions which was created by the coach staff as independent factor, explored the effect of external motivation internalization on athlete burnout in natural sport situations through a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study design. The results showed that there is significant negative correlation between external motivation internalization and athlete burnout The changes of internalization can predict the changes in athlete burnout under certain conditions. That is, when the level of internalization becomes low, the degree of athlete burnout goes up. External motivation internalization can increase athletes＇ identification experience and perceived control of boring task, thus to reduce negative experience. The results suggested that improving athletes＇ autonomy-support can facilitate internalization, thus can prevent athlete burnout.
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期381-388,共8页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国家体育总局奥运攻关项目(项目编号:13-19)
天津市教委课题
关键词
外部动机内化
心理疲劳
自我决定理论
自主支持
external motivation internalization
burnout
self-determination theory
autonomy-support
