摘要
目的调查新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院医院感染的发生及抗菌药物使用情况。方法采用床旁调查与病历调查相结合的方法对2013年5月28日在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院患者的医院感染、抗菌药物使用及病原学监测信息进行横断面调查。结果本次共调查3088例住院患者,发生医院感染114例(125例次);重症监护病房和血液科是医院感染率较高的科室;呼吸道、手术部位和泌尿道为医院感染常见部位;调查日抗菌药物使用率为21.34%,治疗性使用抗菌药物占74.20%,联合用药以一联为主,占90.44%;治疗性使用抗菌药物标本送检率73.42%。医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,居前三位依次为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鲍曼不动杆菌。医院感染发生组与未发生组患者在科室系统划分、是否入住监护病房、是否手术、是否使用抗菌药物、用药目的、联合用药及是否送检标本方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应加强医院感染高发科室(如重症监护病房、血液科)及高危人群(外科术后患者)呼吸道及手术部位医院感染的目标性防控工作。
Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infections in People＇ Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to monitor the utilization of antibiotics. Methods Bedside investigation and medical record review were used for cross-sectional survey on the nosocomial infection, drug use status and etiology monitoring in People＇ Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on May 28th of 2013. Results Total of 114 cases （125 case/time） of nosocomial infections were observed among 3088 patients. The point prevalence rates of nosocomial infection in ICU and hematology department were higher than other departments. The most common infection site was respiratory tract, followed by surgical sites and urinary tract. The daily antimicrobial utilization rate was 21.34% ,74.20% was used for therapeutic use,and 90.44% of patients received monotherapy regime. Total of 73.42% of patients sent samples for pathogenic detection. Gram negative＇bacteria were isolated with the highest frequency, and the most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii. There were statistically significant difference between nosocomial infection group and un-nosocomial infection group in department system, stay in the intensive care unit, surgery, using of antimicmbial agents, the purpose of taking antibacterial drugs, drug combination, and submission for test （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The department with high daily point prevalence rate of nosocomial infection （such as ICU, hematology department） and the most common infection sites （respiratory tract and operation site ） of the high-risk population （postoperative patients） should be investigated with prospective methods.
出处
《医学综述》
2014年第16期3055-3057,共3页
Medical Recapitulate
关键词
医院感染
流行病学调查
横断面调查
Nosocomial infection
Epidemiology investigation
Cress-sectional survey
