摘要
[目的]了解68-3-2(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)梨生长发育规律,为建立其在湖北省梨产区的配套栽培技术提供理论依据。[方法]以9年生砂梨新品系68-3-2为研究对象,观察新梢生长与果实生长变化动态。[结果]新梢自3月下旬开始生长,6月上旬停止生长,生长期78 d,生长期间出现2次生长高峰,分别为4月22日和5月6日。果实从4月初坐果后开始生长到8月中旬果实成熟,生育期133 d。果实纵横径生长发育过程中出现2次生长高峰,分别为4月15日和6月17日。新梢停止生长前与果实生长存在养分竞争,后期为果实生长提供养分。果实成熟时,平均单果重250.0 g,果实圆形,纵径7.68 cm,横径8.44 cm,果形指数0.91。果皮薄,绿色,果面光洁,无果锈,有蜡质,果点浅小而稀。果肉白色,细嫩松脆,石细胞少,汁多味甜,品质佳。在湖北省武汉地区68-3-2梨生产中,建议萌芽前14 d施以氮肥为主的复合肥,4月下旬至5月上旬施尿素等速效肥,结合喷施叶面肥改善养分的竞争;6月份果实迅速膨大期施以氮肥为主的复合肥,7月份施以钾肥为主的复合肥,增加果实品质;秋季施复合肥及有机肥做底肥。[结论]该研究可为68-3-2在湖北省梨产区的高产优质生产提供指导。
[Objective] The aim was to know growth and development law of Asia pear 68-3-2,and provide a theoretical basis for establishing its corresponding cultivation techniques in Hubei Pear Production Area.[Method] The new shoots and fruits growth change trend of the 9 years old Asia Pear 68-3-2 were observed.[Result] The new shoots grew from late March to early June,and the growth period was 78 d.Two growth peaks in growth period was in April 22 and May 6 respectively.Fruit began to grow after fruit setting（in early April） and matured until to the middle ten days of August,the growth period was 133 d.Two growth peaks appeared during the growth period of fruit vertical and horizontal diameter,and was in April 15 and June 17 respectively.The new shoots had nutrient competition with fruit growth before its stopping growing,while provided nutrients for the growth of fruit in its late growth stage.When the fruit was ripe,the average weight was 250 g,the fruit was round,its vertical diameter was 7.68 cm,horizontal diameter was 8.44 cm,fruit shape index was 0.91.The green fruit had thin peel,smooth surface,waxiness,but no fruit russeting,the fruit dot was shallow,small and rare.The white fruit flesh was tender and crisp,sweet and juicy,and had a little stone cell,so it quality was good.During 68-3-2 pear production in Wuhan area of Hubei Province,it was suggested to use the compound fertilizer giving priority to with nitrogen in 14 days before germination,some quick-acting fertilizers such as urea were used in the last ten days of April and the first ten days of May,and leaf fertilizer was also used,to improve the competition of the nutrient ; the compound fertilizer giving priority to with nitrogen was used in June of fruit rapid enlargement period,and the compound fertilizer giving priority to with potassium fertilizer was used in July,to increase the fruit quality ; the compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer were taken as base fertilizer.[Conclusion] The study provides a guidance for high yield and good quality pro
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2014年第21期6963-6964,7177,共3页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD02B01-3)
国家梨产业技术体系项目(CARS-29-17)
湖北省农业科技创新项目(2011-620-005-003-01)
