摘要
部分学者在防卫的必要限度问题上,出现虽在理论上持某种学说立场,但实际个案判断中却采用相异学说立场的矛盾现象。"基本相适应说"立场对应着"法益衡量"形式判断标准,"必需说"立场对应着"必需性"实质判断标准,"折中说"对应着"法益衡量"与"必需性"的双重判断标准。根据数理逻辑的计算结果,在成立防卫过当的比例上,"折中说"的双重标准最大,"法益衡量"标准比前者略低一点,"必需性"标准则最小。数据关系清晰地表明,"折中说"双重标准并没有按照一般预期产生所谓的"折中"效果,而这也是我国刑法学界在三者逻辑关系问题上存在的最大认识误区。中国学者在逻辑上混淆了"原则与例外说"和"折中说",从形式逻辑关系来看,"折中说"可归之为"基本相适应说"立场,"原则与例外说"可归之为"必需说"立场。四种学说之争的本质,是"基本相适应说"与"必需说"两种对立的基本立场之争。
Some scholars hold certain doctrinal positions in theory,but adopt disparate doctrinal positions in actual case judgment,with regard to the question of the necessary limit of defense.The position of "basic adaptation theory" corresponds to the formal judgment standard of "legal-goods evaluation" ,the position of "necessity theory" corresponds to the substantive judgment standard of "necessity" ,and the "eclectic theory" corresponds to the double judgment standard of "legal-goods evaluation" and "necessity" .According to the calculation results of mathematical logic,the double standard of "eclectic theory" is the largest,the standard of "legal-goods evaluation" is slightly lower,and the standard of "necessity" is the smallest.The relationship of data clearly shows that the double standard of "eclectic theory" does not produce the so-called "eclectic" effect according as generally expected,which happens to be the biggest misunderstanding in the field of criminal law in China in terms of the logical relationship between the three positions.In addition,Chinese scholars confuse the "principle and exception theory" with the "eclectic theory" in logic.From the perspective of formal logical relationship,the "eclecticism" can be attributed to the "basic adaptation" position,while the "principle and exception" can be attributed to the "necessity" position.The dispute among four kinds of doctrines is essentially the conflict of two kinds of opposing basic positions:the theory of "basic adaptation" and that of "necessity" .
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期1570-1588,共19页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(NCET-12-0987)
中南财经政法大学"新时代背景下刑事案例演习教学改革"项目的资助
关键词
正当防卫
必要限度
法益衡量
必需性
折中说
Justifiable Defense
Necessary Limit
Legal-Goods Evaluation
Necessity
Eclectic Theory
