现代汉语词法中虚义动词性成分的功能分工与语义作用——兼论轻动词性成分在词法与句法中的差异被引量：5

Functional Division and Semantic Effect of Light-verbal Constituents in Modern Chinese Word-formation:A Discussion of the Difference between Syntax and Word-formation of Light-verbal Constituents

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摘要现代汉语中由虚义动词性成分(V_虚)"打、为、行、作、做"构成的"V_虚+V"是古汉语遗存。这5个V_虚的构词力不同,"打"属强势构词,其他几个属零星构词。产生构词力差异的原因主要在于这几个V_虚各有功能分工:"打"主要在词法上构造"打_虚+V",可组配的V语义类型丰富;构词力一般的"行"与"作",可组配的V语义类型的互补性较明显,前者倾向于与强动作性或动作凸显的V组配,后者倾向于与弱动作性或动作不凸显的V组配;"为"和"做"的构词力都较弱,"做"主要在句法上充当实义动词前的形式动词。V_虚在词法中的语义作用主要是:1)使"V_虚+V"比V语义抽象,表现在使"V_虚+V"与V的语义倾向不同和将V的[+动作]转变为"V_虚+V"的[+活动];2)使"V_虚+V"与V的语体附属义不同;3)使"V_虚+V"与V多义关系的表现不同。轻动词性V_虚在汉、英词法中都呈现出与其句法表现不同的功能分工与语义作用,这种词法、句法差异具有一定的类型学意义。 Words of ‘V虚+V’configuration in modern Chinese are the remains of ancient Chinese.In this configuration,V虚 indicates a light-verbal constituent,best represented by ‘打,为,行,作,做’.The word-forming productivity of V虚 is different :‘打’is mighty and others are weak.This tendency can be attributed to the functional division among the V虚 constituents:‘打’mainly forms ‘打+V’in word-formation and the semantic types of V are abundant;the semantic types of V in ‘行’and ‘作’are complementary, which is reflected in that fact that ‘行’matches with strong action Vs and ‘作’matches with weak action Vs;the word-forming productivity of ‘为’and ‘做’is very weak,with ‘做’serving as a light verb before content words in syntax generally.The semantic effect of V虚 in word-formation lies in:1)making the semantics of ‘V虚+V’more abstract than V,making the semantic tendency of 'V虚+V'and V different and converting the [+action]of V into the [+activity]of 'V虚+V';2)making the style meaning of 'V虚+V' and V different;3)making the polysemant relationship between 'V虚+V' and V multi- ple.It is also found that in both English and Chinese the functional division and semantic effect of V虚 in word-formation are different from those in syntax,which gives typological meaning to research on the different behaviors of functional words on the syntax and wordformation levels.

作者孟凯 Meng Kai

机构地区北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心

出处《世界汉语教学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第1期70-81,共12页 Chinese Teaching in the World

基金国家社科基金重大项目(项目批准号:17ZDA305) 教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(项目批准号:16JJD740003) 北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目编号:17PT02)资助

关键词词法虚义动词性成分轻动词功能分工语义作用 word-formation light-verbal constituents light verb functional division semantic effect

分类号 H146 [语言文字—汉语]