摘要
舞草 (Codariocalyx motorius)由于其小叶具有自身“摆动”的功能 ,从而具有较高的观赏价值。在长期的演化过程中 ,舞草与蚂蚁形成了互惠共生的关系 :舞草种子生成了附生其上的能吸引蚂蚁的油质体 ,蚂蚁在搬运取食中 ,使舞草种子得以传播。舞草种子最重要的传播者是圆叶铺道蚁 (Tetramorium cyclolobium Xu et Zheng)和布立毛蚁 (Paratrechinabourbonica Forel)。另外长足光结蚁 (Anoplolepisgracilipes Smith)和两种大头蚁 (Pheidole sp.1和 sp.2 )也搬运其种子。野外试验表明 ,圆叶铺道蚁日搬运活动与气温呈显著正相关 ,即 Y(搬运种子数 ) =-9.5 0 3 8+0 %5 60 8X(气温 ) (r=0 .71 96* * ,n=3 3 ,P<0 .0 1 ) ,中午搬运效率达到高峰。布立毛蚁日搬运活动在上、下午各有一个高峰 ,上午的高峰出现时间不稳定 ,下午的高峰出现在 1 6:0 0～ 1 8:0 0。舞草种子上附生的油质体是吸引蚂蚁并产生搬运行为的主要物质。化学分析表明 ,油质体富含蚂蚁生长发育所必需的 1 0种氨基酸和多种无机元素。样地采用陷阱诱捕蚂蚁的调查显示 ,5种搬运者中 ,圆叶铺道蚁数量最大 ,分别占蚂蚁总量的 8.2 6%和搬运蚂蚁总量的 4 8%。
Many relationships between plants and insects have formed during a long evolution, and mutualism is one of these relationships and therefore is a trend of coordinating evolution between them. Many reports on seed dispersal by ants have been given out outside of China. At present, it is still attracting many researchers, and the focus is about removal rate of seed, that is RRS, as well as affecting factors. In China, reports on the topic are very few, and the study on mutualism between ants and Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) Ohashi is not reported oversea yet. The study has found out that Codariocalyx motorius is a myrmecochore and several species of ant remove seed of Codariocalyx motorius as well with phenomena of the mutualism between them. The study was made in Xishuanbanna district, a tropic area, Yunnan Province of China. The geographical location of the spot is 21°41′N and 101°25′E, and the elevation is 600m above sea level. The annual mean temperature is 21.4℃ and annual mean rainfall is 1557mm with relative humidity being 86%. The time of every year is divided into two periods: rain period (Jun. to Oct.) and dry period (Nov. to May). Codariocalyx motorius (Houtt.) Ohashi is a small perennial shrub of Leguminosae. One of its values that attract people is of self movement of its leaves obeyed to audio frequency around it. Its seed is average 3.18mm in length, 2.58mm in width and 6.985mg in weight. An opal elaiosome inter grows on the hilum, and therefore attracts ants for removal. Authors have found out five ant species that remove seeds of Codariocalyx motorius . They are respectively Tetramorium cyclolobium Xu et Zheng, Paratrechina bourbonica Forel, Anoplolepis gracilipes Smith and two Pheidoles ( P . sp.1and P . sp.2). In the test spot, by pitfall trapping way 436 ants are collected, among which there are 36 Tetramorium cyclolobium, making up of 8.26% of the total, 8 Paratrechina bourbonica and 1.83%, 23 Anoplolepis gracilipes and 5.2
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2001年第11期1847-1853,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院重大资助项目 (KZ95 1 -1 -1 0 4 )
