摘要
20 0 0年 9月至 10月在小龙门林场选取两块辽东栎林样地 ,在地表分别针对无脊椎动物 (处理 1)、啮齿动物和无脊椎动物 (处理 2 )、所有扩散者 (处理 3)、所有扩散者但具隐蔽性 (处理 4 )设置 4种试验处理 :两样地 4种处理各设置 0 5m× 0 5m的地表样方 5个 ,在样方内放置饱满和虫损辽东栎种子各 2 0粒 ,每样地全部样方共布放种子 80 0粒 ;4种处理的种子累计丢失情况共调查 9次。有网罩的处理 1无种子丢失 ;两样地处理 2和处理 3之间种子丢失量均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;处理 2、 3种子丢失量均显著多于处理 4。在两样地中 ,不仅处理 2中饱满种子与虫损种子丢失量差异均显著 (样地 1:t =2 4 0 7,P <0 0 5 ;样地 2 :t =2 6 5 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,而且处理 3中亦然 (t=3 2 0 9,P <0 0 5 ;t =3 0 92 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;两样地中被啃咬的饱满种子都显著多于虫损种子 (χ2 =14 75 ,P <0 0 5 ;χ2 =9 85 ,P <0 0 5 )。标记重捕结果显示该地区啮齿动物群落包括朝鲜姬鼠等 4种小型哺乳动物 ,其中朝鲜姬鼠占啮齿动物群落的 74 4 %。以上结果说明该地区辽东栎种子主要扩散者是啮齿动物 ,鸟类和无脊椎动物对种子扩散无明显影响 ;地表微环境可降低种子被取食的几率 ;啮齿动物优先选择饱满种子 。
The seed deposition pattern created by seed dispersers is important for plant,and ultimately may influence the regeneration of a plant species.In this study,a declining Chinese endemic plant,Quercus liaotungensis,was studied in Xiaolongmen Forestry Centre,a Nation Park of Beijing from Sept.to Oct.in 2000.Seeds post-dispersal experiments of Q.liaotungensis were conducted with four different treatments (four different kinds of predators:Invertebrates,Invertebrates+rodents,all predators,and all predators with litter covering) in two plots.Sound and invalid seeds were used in 40 treatments;and totally 800 (sound and invalid seeds were 400 respectively) seeds were set in two plots.All of treatments were investigated 9 times during the period of field work.In the two plots,no seeds were moved in all treatment 1.The difference of dispersal seeds was no significant between all treatment 2 (rodents+invertebrates) and all treatment 3 (all predators) (P>0.05);but the difference of seed dispersal was significant between in all treatment 2 and treatment 4,so did treatment 3 and treatment 4.The differences between sound seeds dispersal and invalid seeds dispersal were significant in all treatment 2 of two plots (Plot 1:t=2.407,P<0.05;Plot 2:t=2.65,P<0.05),so did all treatment 3 of two plots (t=3.209,P<0.05;t=3.029,P<0.05).Total gnawing of invalid seeds were much more than those of sound seeds in two plots (χ~2=14.75,P<0.05;χ~2=9.85,P<0.05).All of the results confirmed that the rodents in the area,particularly Apodemus peninsulae (74.4% of the community),were the principal post-dispersal predators;and indicated that the microenvironment could affect the speed of seed removal;and showed that the invertebrates and birds had not affection on the dispersal of ground seeds;and indicated that rodents were preferred to predate sound seeds and might judge the quality of the oaks.
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目资助 ( 3 9893 3 60 )
关键词
啮齿动物
北京
辽东栎
地表种子
扩散
Quercus liaotungensis
Rodent
Seed
Dispersal
Xiaolongmen
