摘要
目的：了解东莞市厚街镇精神发育迟滞流行情况,旨在为预防精神发育迟滞的发生所采取的措施提供科学依据.方法：依据国家公共卫生服务均等化重性精神疾病管理治疗服务规范及工作规范,对厚街镇户籍人口进行多次摸底调查,经精神卫生专业医师运用国家诊断标准确诊,收集患者信息并录入国家重性精神疾病数据收集分析系统,采用现况流行病学调查方法对资料进行统计分析.结果：在全镇≥7岁人口中共有精神发育迟滞患者223例,患病率2.36‰;性别分布男性患病率（2.39‰）与女性患病率（2.31‰）比较,差异无统计学意义;年龄分布以20~24岁组和25~29岁组的患病率最高;223例精神发育迟滞患者中推断致病因素为产前因素者102例,占45.74%,围产期因素者73例,占32.73%,产后因素者27例,占12.11%,心理社会因素者12例,占5.38%,原因不明者9例,占4.03%.结论：厚街镇精神发育迟滞患病率与国内多个地区报道基本一致,其致病因素以阳性家族史、母孕期异常、围产期异常为主,应将精神发育迟滞列为重点防治疾病之一,大力普及优生优育知识,采取以预防为主的措施,提高人群整体素质.
Objective：To explore epidemic conditions about mental retardation prevalence rate and pathogenic factors in Houjie town, and to provide the scientific basis for the corresponding measures to prevent occurrence of mental retardation. Methods： Accord- ing to the main ideas of equalization of national public health service and the service and job specifications on severe metal diseases, several researches on the locals in Houjie were made after they were diagnosed according to national diagnostic criteria by the psychia- trist, and then their informations were collected and filled into the national system of basic information collection and analysis for psy- choses. An epidemical study on the existing circumstance was made on the data. Results： There were 223 mental retardation patients with the age of I〉7 years old in the town and with the prevalence rate of 2.36‰. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rates between female （2.39%0） and male （2.31‰） patients. The prevalence rate was the highest in 20-24-year-old group and 25- 29-year-old group. The pathogenic factors were inferred from the 223 mental retardation cases： antenatal factors for 102 cases （45. 74% ）, perinatal period factors for 73 cases （32.73%）, postpartum factors for 27 cases （12.11%）, psychosoeial factors for 12 cases （5.38%）, and unknown factors for 9 cases （4.03 % ）. Conclusions： The prevalence rate of the mental retardation in Houjie is almost the same with the reports about mental retardation in many districts of China. The family history, pregnancy anomaly, perinatal period anomaly are the three main pathogenic factors of mental retardation in the town. The mental retardation must be rated as the major dis- ease to prevent. It is urgent to make the people known how to bear and rear children in the right way. At the same time, some preven- tive measures should be taken to improve the overall quality of the people, firstly.
出处
《中国民康医学》
2014年第1期73-76,共4页
Medical Journal of Chinese People’s Health
关键词
精神发育迟滞
患病率
致病因素
流行病学分析
Mental retardation
Prevalence rate
Pathogenic factor
Epidemiological analysis
