摘要
目的了解威海市城乡精神发育迟滞患病率、分布特点、影响因素、病人的经济及治疗状况。方法于2006年9月始在威海市区和3个县级市农村进行调查，共调查15岁及以上人口50174人。筛选后应用成人智残评定量表测查智力，以CCMD-3为诊断标准进行残疾评定。结果共检出中、重度精神发育迟滞患者118例，患病率及残疾率均为2．35‰。有随年龄增加患病率逐步降低趋势，男女比较无明显差异（P〉0．05），农村明显高于城市（c^2=12．79，P〈0．01），单身者占绝大多数。近亲婚配、父母亲文化水平低、经济状况差为较重要的危险因素。结论精神发育迟滞是我市居民丧失劳动力、因病致贫的主要原因之一。应大力普及优生优育知识，提高人群整体素质，并将精神发育迟滞列为重点防治疾病之一。
Objective To study the prevalence rates, distribution features, related factors and economical condition of the patients with mental retardation. Methods An epidemiological investigation was performed in 50174 persons above 15 years old using Adult Intellegence Disability Scale after screening and diagnosis was made with CCMD -3. Results Among 50174 subjects 118 were recognised as mean and severe patients with mental retardation. The total prevalence rates was 2.35‰. The prevalence rates between male and female were no significant differences （ P 〉 0.05 ）, but was higher in rural area than in urban area （ c^2 = 12.79, P 〈 0.01 ） and most of the patients were single. Consanguineous mating, lower education of the parents, and lower income of the family were the related risk factors. Conclusion Mental retardation was a major cause of losing work ability and poverty.
基金
本课题为山东省威海市卫生局2005年重点科研课题
关键词
精神发育迟滞
患病率
危险因素
流行病学
Mental retardation Prevalence rates Risk factors Epidemiology
