摘要
2012年,北极理事会努克会议通过《北极高官报告》,提出欲成为北极理事会观察员必须承认北极国家在北极地区"主权、主权权利和管辖权"的苛刻要求。该标准有明显的内在逻辑缺陷,并面临着法律适应性的挑战,因此缺乏可操作性。然而,北极理事会是北极地区一个高水平的政府间论坛,中国作为非北极国家,接受这一标准成为观察员,可以获得参与北极事务的重要平台和丰富信息资源,而接纳中国为观察员也是北极国家基于现实考量的双赢选择。但北极理事会在北极治理的很多方面功能有限,其观察员席位的价值亦不可过度解读。中国可以承认北极国家符合国际法准则的主权、主权权利和管辖权,在充分利用包括北极理事会在内的所有与北极相关国际制度的基础上,不断开辟新领域并探索新的身份认同,加强与其他观察员国家之间的协调,与北极国家通过多渠道开展双边合作,按照自身能力,承担相应的国际责任。只有这样,才能拓开中国的北极道路。
In the Senior Arctic Officials(SAO) Report to Ministers which was passed in the Arctic Council meeting held in Nuuk in 2012,a series of new criteria for admitting new observers to the Arctic Council was passed,and the core of those criteria is to recognize Arctic States' ' sovereignty,sovereign rights and jurisdiction' in the Arctic region.In fact,those criteria are not practicable because there are many inherent logical disfigurements as well as challenges of legal adaptation.However,the Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum in the Arctic region,and China,as a traditional non-Arctic state,was admitted as an observer country in the Arctic Council by recognizing those criteria,and thus has access to participating in Arctic affairs through this important platform and plenty of information.Also,accepting China as an observer is also based on Arctic States' win-win calculation.We must keep a clear head that the Arctic Council has played a limited role in Arctic governance,and the observer status should not be over-stated,either.As a non-Arctic state,China could recognize Arctic States' sovereignty,sovereign rights and jurisdiction that are in line with internationally recognized rules,and make full use of those existed international institutions related to Arctic affairs,and explore new fields of cooperation as well as new identities.In the meanwhile,China should strengthen its collaboration with other observer states,and develop bilateral cooperation with Arctic states through many kinds of channels.China can undertake relevant international responsibilities that are in accordance with her capability.Only through these activities can China extend its participation in Arctic affairs.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第12期118-139,159-160,共22页
World Economics and Politics
关键词
北极治理
北极理事会
努克标准
国际制度
全球治理
Arctic governance
Arctic Council
Nuuk Criteria
international institutions
China
global governance
