摘要
本研究从多重社会认同研究视角出发,分析了汉族与少数民族的民族-国家双重社会认同的结构、影响因素及其与群体间知觉的关系。对云南省昆明市和昭通市的643名汉族和364名少数民族社区居民进行问卷调查。结果显示,调查对象的民族认同和国家认同之间呈正相关关系,又存在显著差异,整体上国家认同要显著强于民族认同,汉族的民族认同要明显低于少数民族。民族-国家双重社会认同两维结构得到证实,认同类型主要包括4种:整合型、民族型、国家型和弥散型,汉族调查对象主要表现为整合型和弥散型认同,少数民族表现出全部4种类型的认同模式。居住环境影响少数民族的民族-国家认同,所在社区汉族居民较多时,少数民族居民更多地表现出整合型和国家型的民族-国家认同。群际知觉因民族-国家认同类型不同而有差异,整合型认同调查对象的群际知觉最为积极,弥散型认同的调查对象群际知觉最为消极。调查结果有助于深入把握人们对民族身份和国家身份的管理模式,以及由此形成的民族-国家双重社会认同对群体关系的影响和意义,有利于制定更有效的政策以促进积极的群际知觉。
This paper examines ethnic identity and national identity from the perspective of multiple social identities. Specifically, it focuses on three main aspects： （a） the structure and types of ethnic- national identity, （b） factors related to the way people manage their multiple identities, and （c） the relationship between ethnic-national identity and intergroup perceptions. The study uses question- naires and takes 643 Han community residents and 364 minority community residents from Kunming and Zhaotong in Yunnan Province as the research objects. The results go as follows. First, there is a positive correlation between the ethnic identity and national identity, while there are also significant discrepancies between them. Overall, their national identity is stronger than their ethnic identity, and Han residents ethnic identity is weaker than the minorities. Second, the two-dimensional structure of ethnic-national identity has been verified to be reasonable, and four types of ethnic-national identity are found： integral, ethnic, national and diffuse. The Han residents are more related to the integral and diffuse types while the minorities show the features of all the four types. Third, the neighborhood is related to the minorities＇ ethnic-national identity, when living in the neighborhood with a large pro- portion of the Hans, the minorities tend to have the features of integral and national types. Lastly, people with different ethnic-national identities exhibit different intergroup perceptions. People with integral identity reveal the most positive intergroup perceptions, whereas people with diffuse identity reveal the most negative intergroup perceptions. These results help deepen our understanding of the way through which people manage their ethnic identity and national identity and the corresponding types of ethnic-national identity. This knowledge of ethnic-national identity is beneficial to our policy- making for the development of positive intergroup perceptions.
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第5期64-75,共12页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
基金
中国社会科学院社会学研究所创新项目"我国社会心态状况研究"
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(项目批准号:2012M520526)
关键词
多重社会认同
民族认同
国家认同
群际知觉
multiple social identity ethnic identity national identity
intergroup perception
