摘要
对立违抗障碍(Oppositional Defiant disorder,ODD)是一组以对权威人物的抗拒、挑衅、公然违抗、敌对等行为为典型特征的破坏性行为障碍。以往众多研究表明,家庭因素是影响ODD及其症状表现的至关重要因素。总结以往文献,将家庭中影响ODD及其症状表现的因素划分为整体水平、互动水平和个体水平三个层面。整体水平主要包括家庭社会经济地位、家庭氛围;互动水平主要是不同子系统的互动状况,包括教养方式、夫妻关系;个体水平主要包括父母的精神健康状况、文化水平、压力、心理控制源和儿童的智力水平、气质特质、其它行为和情绪问题。与之相应的,对ODD及其症状的家庭相关的干预措施中也会涉及到三个层面。干预措施中,父母行为训练模式及其变式都已经被实践和研究证明效果显著。这些变式主要有:不服从儿童帮助项目、亲子互动治疗、顽劣年纪系列以及积极教养计划等。今后研究应该对家庭影响因素进一步整合,并考虑到中国家庭独生子女、隔代抚养、多人管理孩子等的中国文化特点。
Oppositional Defiant Disorder （ODD） is characterized by a pattern of noncompliant, argumentative, angry, hostile and defiant behavior. According to previous studies regarding family factors affecting ODD, these factors can be broken down as follows： whole family interaction including socioeconomic status of family, family environment, family interaction factors including parenting, couple relationship, and individual psychological factors including parents＇ stress, mental health, psychological control, child＇s intelligence, personality, and other behavioral and emotional problems highly related to ODD. For effective prevention and intervention, previous studies have suggested Parent Management Training programs （PMT） and its variations. These variations programs included： Helping the Noncompliant Child, Parent-Child Interaction Therapy, Incredible Years Training Series and Triple P-Positive Parenting Program. Future research can be conducted from an integrated perspective that also utilizes observational methodology and considers the special characteristics of Chinese families, such as only child, grandparents as main caregivers, etc.
出处
《心理科学进展》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第11期1983-1995,共13页
Advances in Psychological Science
基金
2012年度国家社会科学基金项目(12CSH014)
2010教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(10YJCXLX029)
2010年度北师大自主基金:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(105560GK)
关键词
对立违抗障碍
家庭影响因素
家庭干预方案
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
family factors
family intervention program
