摘要
俄罗斯是世界上最主要的天然气生产国和出口贸易国,2012年其天然气产量6545×108m3,出口贸易量1787×108m3。俄罗斯天然气资源丰富,近20年来一直保持100%的天然气储量替代率,2005年以来新增储量与总产量基本持平。俄天然气资源主要集中在西西伯利亚、东西伯利亚、远东等地域,合计占资源总量的85%。俄气公司、卢克石油公司、俄油公司、诺瓦泰克公司是俄罗斯主要的天然气生产商,其中俄气公司生产的天然气占俄总产量的80%以上。俄罗斯还是世界上最大的管道天然气出口国,截至2011年底,输气管道总长度达16.47×104km。为了减少过境国带来的天然气出口不稳定性,今后俄出口管道建设主要考虑不经过中转国,直接向出口贸易国供气。欧洲是俄天然气出口的主要市场,约占其天然气出口量的80%,其次是独联体等国家,今后俄将加大向亚太市场的出口量。俄天然气对外出口贸易价格一般根据国际天然气市场价格和石油价格来确定,对独联体及波罗的海三国的销售价格与欧洲其他国家差距较大。俄罗斯天然气发展长期规划的制定,为世界能源市场天然气多元合作带来了新的机遇。
Russia is one of the largest natural gas producers and exporters in the world.In 2012,the country produced 6545×10^8m3 of natural gas and exported 1787×10^8m3.Russia has significant natural gas resources and the country＇s gas reserve replacement rate has remained at 100% for the past 20 years.Since 2005,the country＇s newly added reserves have basically been equal to its total production.Russia＇s natural gas re- sources are primarily located in west Siberia,east Siberia and the country＇s Far East part,the resources in these areas combined represent 85% of the country＇s total natural gas resources.Gazprom,Lukoil,Rosneft Oil and Novatek are the major natural gas producers in Russia.Gazprom produces over 80% of Russia＇s natural gas output.Russia is also the world＇s largest piped gas exporter.At the end of 2011,the total length of Rus- sia＇s gas pipelines was 16.47×10^4km.In order to reduce the instability of natural gas export resulting from transit through a third country,Russia will primarily consider supplying gas directly to the target country when planning pipeline construction for gas export.Europe is Russia＇s main gas export market--about 80% of Russian gas exports go to Europe,followed by CIS countries.Russia plans to increase its gas exports to the Asia Pacific market.Russia＇s export price of natural gas is generally set based on the natural gas and oil prices on the international market and the prices the country offers for CIS countries and three Baltic coun- tries are considerably lower than those for other European countries.The development of Russia＇s long-term natural gas development plan has brought new opportunities for diversified cooperation in the gas sector of the global energy market.
出处
《中外能源》
CAS
2013年第10期13-19,共7页
Sino-Global Energy
关键词
俄罗斯
天然气产量
储量
输气管道
出口贸易
亚太市场
发展规划
Russia
natural gas production
reserve
gas pipeline
export
Asia Pacific market
development plan
