摘要
就业与居住空间关系是城市规划与管理研究的热点问题。已有研究主要基于传统宏观模型对就业—居住空间结构进行现状分析或对城市理论进行实证研究,在微观尺度的机制探讨与过程模拟方面较为缺乏。本文基于多智能体自下而上的建模思想,提出基于就业市场的人口居住区位选择模型(Labor Market Based Model of Residential Location-LMBMRL)。以典型的快速工业化地区—东莞市主城区为实验区,通过多情景模拟对就业与居住空间的互动关系进行机制探讨与过程分析。模拟结果充分反映了就业选择对人口居住区位决策的影响,定量评估了住房与交通对职住空间均衡性与职住分离的影响规律。当住房成本提高时,城市职住均衡性降低;当交通可达性提高时,城市空间结构可能出现较为显著的职住分离现象。最后通过多情景模拟揭示不同行业劳动人口群体的就业—居住空间特征与组织模式。研究结果有助于深刻理解城市就业—居住空间互动关系及其内部因果,能够为城市规划与管理提供决策参考。
Jobs and housing are two major elements in urban spatial structure. The relationship between jobs and housing affects urban planning and management, and has become one of the hot topics in urban study. Most of the current researches focus on the analyses of urban spatial structure and the empirical study of urban theory based on macro-models. These models, which are traditional ＂top-down＂ approaches, have limitations in reflecting the individual behaviors. In fact, the spatial relationship of jobs-housing is the outcome of population individual behaviors including jobs selecting and residential decisions. Hence, the spatial organization of jobs-housing is difficult to simulate with those macro-models. Studies indicated that agent-based models which are ＂bottom-up＂ approaches, can offer a way to simulate the complex problems that involve individual behaviors. This paper proposes an agent-based model （Labor Market Based Model of Residential Location--LMBMRL） to simulate the interactions between jobs and housing. In this model, labor economics theory is incorporated to define the influence of labor market on job searching behaviors of population individuals. An agent-based approach is used to simulate the job searching behaviors and the residential location decisions of individuals. The proposed model is applied to the center region of Dongguan, an emerging and renowned manufacturing metropolis in the Pearl River Delta region, China. The simulated results reflect the effect of labor market on residential decisions. Quantitative analysis is carried out to assess the influence of housing cost and commuting cost on jobs-housing balance. It is found that as the housing cost rises, the relationship of jobs-housing will become less balanced. When the commuting cost is reduced, the relationship of jobs-housing will be much more imbalance＆ Moreover, it has revealed the jobs-housing characteristics of population in different economic sectors through multi-scenario simulations. The study results are significant
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第10期1389-1400,共12页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展项目(973计划)(2011CB707103)
国家自然科学基金项目(41171308)
广州市科技和信息化局国际科技交流与合作专项项目(2012J5100044)~~
关键词
就业市场
居住区位选择
多智能体
就业-居住空间关系
labor market
job searching behaviors
residential location decisions
agent-basedmodel
Jobs-housing relationship
