摘要
提取产生遗忘现象是指对一个范畴中连续多个样例的提取会导致对同一范畴其他样例词的提取困难,最早是由A.S.Brown报告的。一些学者认为提取产生遗忘现象是由大脑中的执行控制机制所引发,目的是对不相干的信息进行抑制,消除竞争。最近对工作记忆的研究显示,中央执行系统的功能可以分离为任务转换、刷新和抑制三种子功能,且规定了相应的研究范式。本研究是基于提取产生的抑制是由中央执行系统的抑制功能所引发这一假设,通过使用中文材料操纵三个简单的与提取练习任务同时进行的共时任务(涉及不同个数的心理过程),比较三种共时任务对提取产生遗忘的影响,根据两个任务如果涉及相同的心理过程,那么他们之间的干扰也最大这一理论,评价提取产生抑制的心理过程。研究结果显示三个简单的共时任务中仅有辨别反应任务对提取抑制具有显著的影响。而辨别反应任务仅多了Go/No-GO范式下的心理过程,进而推论提取产生的遗忘现象就是中央执行系统中的抑制功能的外在表现。支持了提取产生遗忘现象的执行控制机制的解释。
RIF（retrieval-induced forgetting effect）,first reported by A.S.Brown（1981）,means that retrieving information from long-term memory can lead people to forget previously irrelevant related information.Some researchers have proposed that the retrieval-induced forgetting（RIF） effect is mediated by inhibitory executive-control mechanisms recruited to overcome interference.The central executive system is the core component of working memory;shifting,updating and inhibition process are considered as three relatively independent functions and Stroop task,Go/No-GO task and stop-signal task are considered to be the classical paradigms inhibition of measurement and assessment.This study is based on the hypothesis that this retrieval-induced forgetting（RIF） effect is caused by inhibitory executive-control mechanism.We explored this issue by using Dual-task in which participants were asked to perform their corresponding updating tasks while performing the RP task.The RIF effect observed in a experimental condition in which participants had to perform an identification reaction task that involved Go/No-GO process was compared to that observed in two different control conditions in which participants had to perform a simple reaction task or a choice reaction task that involved different mental processes.According to Dual-task theory,task similarity is the important factor determining dual-task performance.Whereas the usual RIF effect was observed on the two control conditions,no evidence of forgetting was found in the experimental conditions.Results strongly suggest that inhibition involved in RIF is the result of executive-control processes.
出处
《广东第二师范学院学报》
2013年第4期33-40,共8页
Journal of Guangdong University of Education
关键词
提取练习
提取产生遗忘
中央执行控制系统
双任务
retrieval practice（RP）
retrieval-induced forgetting（RIF）
the central executive system
Dual-task
