摘要
目的分析北京市海淀区2009—2012年实验室诊断麻疹病例的流行病学特征,为防控和消除麻疹提供依据。方法对北京市海淀区实验室诊断麻疹病例发病情况和含麻疹疫苗接种情况进行描述流行病学分析。结果除2010年外,2009—2012年海淀区麻疹发病率呈下降趋势,2012年麻疹发病率达历史新低;2009—2012年共报告实验室诊断麻疹病例333例,占全部麻疹病例的60.65%(333/549)。实验室诊断麻疹病例中,269例(80.78%)在2-6月发病;有详细资料的328例麻疹病例中,<8月龄和20～39岁病例占全部病例的58.85%;外省户籍病例占74.09%;有含麻疹成分疫苗(measles containing vaccine,MCV)免疫史的占20.12%,无免疫史的占42.68%,免疫史不详的37.20%;全区麻疹病例送检的病原学标本中麻疹病毒分离率为26.09%(6/23),均为H1基因型。结论海淀区麻疹发病水平达到历史新低。要进一步降低麻疹的发病率,需提高适龄儿童首剂MCV及时接种率和加强常规接种、对重点儿童开展补充免疫等措施提高MCV接种率,对外省户籍成人采取以接种麻疹疫苗为核心的措施,最终实现消除麻疹。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of laboratory confirmed measles cases in Haidian district,Beijing,during 2009-2012.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted to analyze laboratory confirmed cases measles reported to China Diseases Reporting Information System.Results The annual incidence of measles was in decline during this period except in 2010.A total of 333 laboratory confirmed measles cases were reported,accounting for 60.65% of the total（333/549）,and 269（80.78%） occurred during February-June.Among 328 cases with data available,the cases in age groups8 months and 20-39 years accounted for 58.85%,the cases in migrant population accounted for 74.09%.The cases with the immunization history of measles containing vaccine（MCV） accounted for 20.12%,the cases without the immunization history accounted for 42.68% and the cases with the unknown immunization history accounted for 37.20%.The isolation rate of measles virus in tested samples was 26.09%（6/23）.All the isolated strains were belonged to genotype H1.Conclusion The measles incidence was at lowest level in Haidian during this period,but it is still necessary to further reduce the incidence of measles by improving timely vaccination of the first dose of MCV for infants aged 8 months,increasing routine vaccination coverage and conducting supplementary immunization activities as well as the adult immunization in migrant population.
出处
《疾病监测》
CAS
2013年第6期447-450,共4页
Disease Surveillance
关键词
麻疹
实验室诊断病例
流行病学特征
measles
laboratory confirmed case
epidemiological characteristics
