摘要
苏联解体至今已有二十余年。二十余年来,俄罗斯国内外学者、知识分子乃至平民百姓,对这一历史事件以及苏维埃体制始终存在各种说辞。苏联解体之初,人们的说辞未免极端化、主观化甚至情绪化。如今的俄罗斯人如何看待这一重大历史事件?如何反思苏联解体之前的改革?如何解释苏联解体的原因?通过笔者对当代俄罗斯作家们的访谈不难看出,如今的俄罗斯知识分子群体总体上平静地接受了这一历史事实,理智地看待戈尔巴乔夫改革以及戈尔巴乔夫本人。对思想相对自由一些的作家来说,改革是大势所趋,苏联解体是历史的必然,符合社会发展和人性的需求,戈尔巴乔夫本人也完成了他的历史使命。而对思想相对保守一些的作家来说,尽管他们都曾欢迎戈尔巴乔夫改革,但改革的结果令他们失望,苏联解体这一事实令他们惋惜。不过,受访的作家中几乎没有一位希望回到苏维埃时代或恢复苏维埃体制。
It has been over twenty years since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. During these past years, there have always been various opinions of this historic event and the Soviet system as well among Russian and foreign scholars, intelligentsia and even common people. At the beginning of the Soviet Union＇s collapse, opinions were rather extreme, subjective and even emotional. Currently, how do Russians evaluate this important historic event？ How do they reflect the reform before its collapse？ And how do they interpret reasons for its disintegration？ Through interviews with contemporary Russian writers, it is not difficult to see that nowadays intellectuals, on the whole, can accept this historic fact with equanimity and take a reasonable view of the Gorbachev＇s reform and Gorbachev himself. For those more liberal writers, reform is a general trend and the collapse of the Soviet Union is inevitable. It conforms to requirements of social development and human nature. And Gorbachev himself has completed his historic mission. For those relatively more conservative writers, although they used to welcome the Gorbachev reform, still the results of reform disappointed them and they felt so regret for the collapse. Nevertheless, no one of the interviewed writers hopes to go back to the Soviet era or to recover the Soviet system.
出处
《俄罗斯研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第3期45-65,共21页
Russian Studies
基金
国家社科基金青年项目"后苏联小说的苏维埃历史叙事研究"(项目批准号:12CWW018)的阶段性成果
关键词
苏联解体
当代俄罗斯作家
记忆
访谈
Disintegration of the Soviet Union, Contemporary RussianWriters, Memories, Interviews
