摘要
与西方哲学相比,儒家的知行学说表现出一些特点,如在道德的能力根据方面并不偏执理性或情感一方,而是考虑到心与情的关系;以道义性的"气"作为从知到行的助力因素等。不过它的"知"的概念具有伦理与认知的双义性,未能将"知识"与"信念"区分开来,甚至没有产生"信念"这一概念,并且未能将理论理性与实践理性相分离等,这些造成了它在学理上的一些不足,以及相应地带来一些诸如"知识"与"道德"不分的结果。此外,儒家的道德理想主义可说是预设了一种"君子国",即人性是善的。它在以下两方面的根本问题上未予考虑:一是人的权利问题,二是对于人性恶的方面的防范。因而,这种"君子国"的预设使中华民族历史上在人权与法治等重要领域付出了沉重的代价。
Comparing to the Western philosophy, the Confucian doctrine of knowledge and action shows some characteristics. For instance, with regard to the issue of the ground of moral ability, it was not partial to the rational or emotional aspects, but considers the relationship between of heart and emotion. It takes the moral ＂Qi＂ （＂气＂） as the assistance element in the progress of transition from ＂knowledge＂ to ＂action＂, etc. There appeared a few of problems in this doctrine. Its concept of ＂knowledge＂ has the dual nature of both ethics and cognition, and it failed to distinguish between ＂knowledge＂ and ＂belief＂, even didn＇t have the concept of ＂belief ＂. It also failed to separate theoretical reason from practical reason, etc. These caused some defects in theory, and accordingly brought some consequences of confusion, such as that of ＂knowledge＂ with ＂morality＂. Furthermore, Confucian moral idealism is the default for a kind of ＂the kingdom of the Junzi （morally superior man）＂, namely, regarding human nature as good. It did not consider the fundamental issues in following two points. One is human rights, the other is to guard against evil of human nature. Therefore, this kind ＂the kingdom of the Junzi＂ default made Chinese nation pay a heavy price historically in the important areas such as human rights and the rule of law.
出处
《学术月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第7期37-43,共7页
Academic Monthly
基金
国家社科基金项目"‘元哲学'研究"(10BZX047)
教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目"经验与先验--知识论的基础问题研究"(09YJA720017)
厦门大学基础创新科研基金"哲学前沿问题研究"(2011221024)的阶段性成果
关键词
儒家
知行观
道德信念
Confucianism, doctrine of knowledge and action, moral belief, practical reason
