摘要
【目的】对生产上常用的M9和M26中间砧矮化苗的生长与解剖结构进行研究,探讨苹果中间砧的致矮解剖机理。【方法】以基砧均为八棱海棠,中间砧分别为M9和M26,其上嫁接"长富2号"的矮化苗为试验材料,以富士/八棱海棠乔化苗和海棠实生苗为对照,采用石蜡切片法和光学显微镜技术,观察了4种材料不同部位(叶、嫩梢、茎干)的解剖结构,并结合外部形态进行统计与分析。【结果】形态指标测定结果表明,富士/八棱海棠乔化苗的新梢生长量、枝条粗度以及节间长度显著大于其他3个组合,M9与M26矮化中间砧苹果苗之间上述指标差异不显著。叶绿素含量及气孔结构观测结果显示,M9和M26矮化中间砧影响下的苹果苗叶绿素a、叶绿素(a+b)含量、叶绿素a/b及叶片宽度显著大于富士/八棱海棠乔化苗,气孔密度和气孔长度/宽度比值与富士/八棱海棠乔化苗相比显著减小。解剖结构显示,与富士/八棱海棠乔化苗和海棠实生苗相比,M9和M26矮化中间砧苹果苗接穗叶片的栅栏组织/海绵组织比值显著增大;接穗1年生枝条顶部嫩梢的横截面直径和皮层厚度显著大于富士/八棱海棠乔化苗和海棠实生苗,但顶部嫩梢的导管密度却显著小于2个对照。苹果苗主干分解的3个茎段中,以作为基砧的八棱海棠实生苗为对照,M9和M26中间砧矮化苗接穗和中间砧茎段的材部面积所占比例显著减小,皮部面积所占比例显著增大;富士/八棱海棠乔化苗的接穗与基砧茎段间材皮比差异不显著,而M9和M26中间砧矮化苗接穗和中间砧茎段的材皮比与基砧茎段材皮比差异显著。同时,富士/八棱海棠乔化苗基砧茎段的木质部导管密度、管腔面积和管腔总面积占木质部的比例显著低于接穗茎段,而M9和M26中间砧矮化苗基砧茎段的导管密度、管腔面积及管腔总面积占木质部比例却均大于接穗和中间砧茎段。对于同一种嫁�
【Objective】 The growth and anatomical construction of dwarf trees grafted on M9 and M26 interstocks were investigated to reveal the dwarf mechanism of apple dwarf interstocks.【Method】 The rootstocks were Malus micromalus seedlings,interstocks were M9 and M26,＂No.2 changfu＂grafted on M9 and M26 were cultivars,and Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees and Malus micromalus seedlings were used as control.Anatomical structures for 4 materials in different parts of tree（leaves,young shoots,stems） were counted using permanent paraffin section and photics microscope photography,and analyzed using external morphology.【Result】 Morphological indexes showed that growth of shoots,diameter of shoots and internode length of Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees were significantly higher than other 3 cultivar-rootstock combinations,while those of dwarf apple trees had no significant differences between M9 and M26 interstocks.Contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll a/b,chlorophyll（a＋b）and leaves width of the dwarf apple trees grafted on M9 and M26 were significantly higher than Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees,while stoma density and the stoma length/width ratio were lower compared to Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees.Compared to Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees and seedlings,palisade tissue/spongy tissue ratios in leafs of scions grafted on M9 and M26 were significantly higher and tender shoots on the top of annual branches from scions were significantly higher as well,while vessel density of tender shoots were significantly lower.Among the three stem segments of apple tree trunks,wood proportion of scions and interstocks of dwarf trees grafted on M9 and M26 reduced significantly,while bark proportions increased significantly.The wood/bark ratios for scions and rootstocks of Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees had no significant differences while that of dwarf trees grafted on M9 and M26 had significant differences.Unlike Fuji/M.micromalus vigorous trees,vessel densities in the xylem,vessel areas and vessel area/xylem
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第6期124-132,共9页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
科技部国家成果转化项目(2011GB23600009)
国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)
关键词
苹果
中间砧
解剖结构
致矮机理
apple
interstock
anatomical construction
dwarf mechanism
