摘要
矮化密植栽培是现代苹果生产发展的方向,苹果矮化砧是实现苹果矮化密植栽培的主要途径,其致矮机理尚不清楚。揭示苹果矮化砧致矮机理,对加快苹果矮砧育种进程和改进苹果矮砧栽培技术有重要的意义。在总结前人对致矮基因、解剖结构、水分、物质运输、光合特性、酶与酚类物质、激素等7个方面研究进展的基础上,对致矮部位及致矮机理进行了探讨,提出苹果砧木致矮是矮化砧嫁接口、砧段的木质部及韧皮部综合作用的结果,嫁接的矮砧砧段是致矮的主要部位,苹果矮砧可能通过影响根系发育起到致矮作用,并指出今后应利用更为先进的显微仪器和测量软件对苹果矮砧和乔砧砧段解剖结构进行更微观精确地比较;在严格控制环境的条件下,尽量采取一致的试材,分析不同矮化性砧木在水分、矿质营养、同化物等物质代谢过程中的生理生化变化;借助分子生物学技术对植物激素物质合成、信号转导、降解及其互作在致矮中所起的作用进行更深入系统地研究,通过多方面研究对提出的问题进行研究验证,以求对苹果矮砧致矮机理解释更加透彻。
For apple, cultivation under dwarf and close planting is the development trend of modernproduction, but the dwarfing mechanism of rootstock has not been revealed, which is significant for improvingdwarf breeding and cultivation techniques. Research progresses on dwarf gene, anatomy structure, moisturecontent, substances transportation, photosynthetic characteristics, enzymes and phenolic, and hormones weresummarized, and the dwarfing place and mechanism were discussed. The study pointed out that apple rootstockdwarfing was the comprehensive effect of graft cut, rootstock xylem and phloem, the grafted shoot as dwarfrootstock was the main dwarfing place, and the apple dwarf rootstock might play the role by affecting rootgrowth. More precisely and more microscopic comparison of the difference between shoot anatomy of highrootstock and dwarf rootstock should be conducted by advanced micro-instruments and measuring software in the future. The physiological and biochemical changes of different dwarf rootstocks during metabolism of water,mineral nutrition and assimilate should be analyzed with much consistent materials under more strictly-controlled environment. In addition, it was suggested to further systematically study the role played by materialsynthesis, signal transduction, degradation and interaction of plant hormones in dwarfing, verify the raisedquestions by research from many aspects, thus to explain the dwarfing mechanism of rootstock more clearly.
出处
《中国农学通报》
2017年第28期86-92,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
山西省青年科技研究基金项目"Y系苹果矮化中间砧对嫁接树枝条输导组织解剖结构的影响"(201601D0211)
山西省农科院果树研究所所级项目"Y系苹果砧木枝条输导组织解剖结构与嫁接树生长势的关系"(201524)
山西省农科院育种工程"苹果砧木种质资源创新与新品种选育"(16yzgc070)
现代苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站(CARS-28)
"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划"早中熟优质多抗苹果
梨新品种
砧木选育研究"(20133BAD02B01)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项"苹果矮化砧木收集
评价
筛选与示范"(201203075-02)
山西省科技厅产业链项目"苹果矮化砧木新品种选育"(2015-TN-03-02)
山西省农业科学院院重点"Y-1矮砧富士标准化栽培关键技术研究"(YGG1640)
关键词
苹果
矮化砧
致矮机理
apple
dwarf stock
dwarfing mechanism