摘要
目的探讨家养宠物与被动吸烟对儿童呼吸系统疾病及症状的交互效应。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，在沈阳市各行政区随机抽取10所幼儿园和5所小学，采用国际统一的标准问卷ATS（Americanthoracicsociety）调查表，对所选学校共9679名儿童进行有关被动吸烟、饲养宠物以及呼吸系统疾病和症状等情况的调查。结果本次研究共发放问卷9679份，回收问卷8798份，应答率为90．9％，经逻辑审查符合上机统计分析的人数为8733名，其中儿童持续性咳嗽、咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣及过敏性鼻炎的患病例数及自我报告率分别为835例（9．57％）、366例（4．42％）、559例（6．40％）、215例（2．46％）、229例（2．62％）、397例（4．55％）。在调整了儿童的年龄和性别等混杂因素后，经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示，单纯暴露于家养宠物环境或被动吸烟环境均可显著增加儿童哮喘及相关症状的患病风险。且两者对儿童持续咳嗽、咳痰和过敏性鼻炎存在显著的交互效应，但对哮喘、哮喘现患及喘鸣的交互效应并不显著。结论家养宠物和被动吸烟均可增加儿童患有呼吸系统疾病及症状的风险，且两者对儿童呼吸系统疾病与症状的影响存在显著的交互效应。
Objective Over the past few decades, secondhand smoke exposure among children become more serious and with China＇s implementation of the national policy of family planning and the family structure change, domestic pet has gradually become popular. This survey aimed to investigate the interactive effects of pet ownership and environmental tobacco smoke （ETS） on children＇s respiratory diseases and symptoms. Method Using a cluster random sampling method, 5 elementary schools and 10 kindergartens were randomly selected from each district of Shenyang, and all children from the selected schools were recruited in this survey. The information about the children＇s respiratory diseases, conditions of pets ownership and ETS exposure were collected by an international standard questionnaire from American Thoracic Society. Result A total of 9679 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled in the selected schools, and 8798 completed questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 90. 9%. Finally, 8733 questionnaires were used for further analysis. The results showed that the number of the patients and the prevalence of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, doctor-diagnosed asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and allergic rhinitis in children were 835 （9. 57% ） , 366 （4.42%） , 559 （6. 40% ） , 215 （2. 46% ） , 229 （2. 62% ）, 397 （4. 55% ）, respectively. After controlling for the effects of age, gender and other confounding factors, the results from the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that either pet ownership or the ETS exposure significantly increased the risk of prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms in children. Compared with control group children, only the prenatal exposure to passive smoking or domestic pets made the risk of children with allergic rhinitis increased respectively 34% （ OR = 1.34, 95% CI =0. 99-1.80） and 106% （ OR =2. 06, 95% CI = 1.28-3.31 ）, while the exposure of thesetwo factors made the risk of children wit
出处
《中华儿科杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第2期96-100,共5页
Chinese Journal of Pediatrics
基金
中华环境保护基金项目（CEPF2008-123-1-5）
