摘要
目的分析北京市密云县2009～2011年狂犬病免疫预防门诊患者流行病学特征,为更好地减少动物致伤的发生和预防狂犬病提供参考。方法对密云县2009～2011年狂犬病免疫预防门诊患者进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2009～2011年密云县狂犬病免疫预防门诊共接待患者15517例,暴露前免疫仅占0.41%。15496例暴露后免疫患者中,男女性别比1.27:1;以40岁～和50岁～组人群为主;工人、农民占58.95%;5～8月份暴露者占47.96%;暴露部位以下肢最多,占51.92%;城区、城乡接合部、山区狂犬病暴露差异有统计学意义(χ2=654.44,P<0.05),山区暴露率最低;致伤动物中犬占91.15%和48.73%为家养,有免疫史的占13.88%;暴露后当天就诊者占82.45%,Ⅲ级伤口中使用被动免疫制剂者占59.80%。结论应加强狂犬病健康知识宣教,提高暴露前预防接种和暴露后伤口及时处理及被动免疫制剂的使用;加强犬、猫等动物的管理,提高动物疫苗接种率,特别是宠物犬的管理。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characters of patients visited rabies immunization clinics in Miyun County during 2009 to 2011, in order to provide reference for reducing animal injury occurrence and rabies prevention. Methods The information of patients were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method. Results There were totally 15517 visitors during study period and only 0.41% of them received pre-exposure vaccination. Among 15496 visitors received post-exposure vaccination, the sex ratio of male to female was 1.27： 1, and most patients belonged to 40 - and 50 - age groups. According to occupational information, labors and farmers accounted for 58.95% of all patients. There were 47.96% of patients exposed from May to August and 51.92% hurt their lower limbs. The rate of rabies exposure had a significant difference among urban, suburb and mountain areas （X2 = 654.44, P 〈 0. 05 ）. Mountain areas had the lowest rate of exposure. Among all animal injury victims, there were 91.15% persons bit by dogs, of which 48.73% were domesticated and 13.88% were vaccinated. Although there were 82. 45% patients visited rabies immunization clinics in the same day with exposure, only 59.80% of grade m bites received passive immunizing agents. Conclusion Health education should be strengthened to improve rabies pre-exposure and post- exposure vaccination. Meanwhile the timely treatment of wounds and the usage of passive immunizing agents should also be encouraged in disease control. Strengthening the management and vaccination for animals, especially for dogs and cats, also play an important role in disease control.
出处
《首都公共卫生》
2013年第1期18-20,共3页
Capital Journal of Public Health
