摘要
家庭政策主要是指通过制度、项目、服务等影响家庭功能和家庭福利的政府政策,包括直接以家庭为干预对象的显性政策和间接影响家庭福利的隐性政策。美国尚未建立起完整的家庭政策体系,但其相关政策思想和实践的发展可以追溯到19世纪末社会政策的出现。从1930年代的罗斯福"新政",到二战后的福利扩张,再到1990年代的福利改革,美国的社会政策在应对社会和家庭结构变化中不断发展,政策理念逐渐由"替代家庭功能"转向"支持家庭功能"。中国正处于社会和家庭结构转型时期,面对日益突出的家庭压力增加和家庭功能弱化的问题,对家庭政策的需求亦增。美国家庭政策发展中的六个特点,分别为:立法先行,明确权利和义务;政策手段灵活,采用多样化政策工具;重服务网络建设,鼓励社区服务;采用发展型社会政策模式,选择最有效的干预;建设绩效和结果并重的监测和评估体系;政策智慧突出,适应于社会经济发展和民意。美国家庭政策可为建构中国家庭政策提供参考。
According to recent family policy research in United States of America,family policy mainly refers to the governmental actions which influence family functions and family welfare,including the explicit types and implicit types.The theme of social policies related to family affairs transformed from replacing family function model to supporting family function model,in the process from the established of basic social security safety-net in 1930s,government started intervening in family welfare.Then,in 1990s,welfare reform tried to withdraw government assistance to some extent,and emphasized more on participation in work market and family responsibility rather than entitlement welfare.In the face of increasing family pressure and weaker family function,six features of American family policy might shed light on developing a family policy system in China,which are to establish the related laws first;to use multiple policy tools;to foster service delivery systems;to adopt developmental social policy scheme;to build performance and outcome monitoring and evaluation system;to be sensitive of public options and socioeconomic problems.
出处
《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期147-156,161,共10页
Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"建构中国的家庭政策体系:和谐社会建设的实践机制"(07BSH033)
