摘要
用动力学的观点来看待冲突是近年来关于冲突研究的一个新发展。与传统的研究概念和方法不同的是,动力学的观点将冲突及与冲突相关的过程作为一个复杂系统,冲突各方的思想、情感和行为的相互关系构成了冲突内在的动力学机制。系统内各要素的相互关系可以用吸引子来反映,冲突的发展和结束取决于引发冲突的吸引子的性质。所谓成功的干预则意味着冲突各方形成了新的心理和行为模式和不同于以往的心理和社会环境。
Conflict is a process that begins with an experience of difference of clashing needs or interests that unfolds and changes over time. It can range from extremely negative to extremely positive interactions. Addressing conflict from a dynamic perspective is a breakthrough in research on conflict in recent years. Any conflict can be treated as a dynamic system. A dynamic system is defined as a set of interconnected elements that change and evolve over time. A change in each element depends on the influences from other elements. In terms of a dynamic perspective, conflict is inherently a dynamic process. Unlike the traditional concepts and methods, the dynamic perspective considers conflict and conflict-related processes as a complex system. The relationship among the parties to conflict forms the specific conflict mode, which determines the relationships and behavior rules for all parties in conflict and becomes the origin and internal dynamic of conflict. The key to understanding conflict from the dynamic perspective centers on the notion of attractor. The attractor, in short, is a state or a reliable pattern of changes toward which a dynamic system evolves over time and to which the system returns after it has changed. In psychological terms, the attractor channels mental and behavioral experience into a narrow range of coherent states. The nature of attractors determines the state and evolving tendency of conflict. Therefore, intervening conflicts means to change the inherent dynamic characters of the conflict system, namely the attractor. To change the nature of a conflict system is to establish a new pattern, in which the original attractor has transitioned from negativity to positivity. A change in an attractor can reactivate the conditions that form entirely different model of thought, feeling, and action in relations between the parties. The deconstruction of an attractor for a destructive conflict involves restoring the muhidimensionality of the conflict system, introducing negative feedback loops into t
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第1期245-250,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(10YJA840019)
江苏省社会科学基金项目(10SHB003)
南京师范大学留学回国人员科研启动基金的资助
关键词
冲突
动力学
吸引子
冲突的干预
conflict, dynamics, attractor, conflict intervention
