摘要
有色稻米富含具有抗氧化作用的类黄酮、多酚类化合物及铁、锌等微量元素,对癌症、支气管病、心血管病、糖尿病及缺铁性贫血等具有康复保健与辅助治疗作用。有色稻米的色素沉积在水稻果皮,与种皮和糊粉层无关。黑米是由于其果皮内含有花色素苷所致,该性状由基因Pb与其互补基因Pa共同作用,当Pa基因单独存在时,种皮呈白色;当Pb基因单独存在时,种皮呈棕色;当Pb基因和Pa同时存在时,种皮呈紫色;Pb基因已被定位于水稻第4染色体上,而Pa基因则位于第l染色体上。红米由于其果皮内含有原花色素所致,该性状受2对基因(Rc/rc和Rd/rd)控制,红色为显性,白色为隐性;Rc已被定住于水稻第7染色体上,而Rd则位于第l染色体上;Rc基因编码一个典型的含bHLH结构的Myc类转录因子,其第6外显子内一个14 bp片段的缺失致使种皮颜色由原先的红色变为白色。近20年来包括广东在内的全国各地区育成了大批有色稻新品种在生产上应用。
Colored rice is rich in compounds flavonoids and polyphenols, which possess potent antioxidant capacity. Colored rice also is rich in microelements iron and zinc, these substances may provide health benefits associated with enhancing protective effect against cancer, chronic disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and anemia. The pigment in colored rice grains synthesizes and pigmentizes only in pericarp, and no anthocyandin was observed in endothelium and aleuronic layer. Anthocyandins are the major flavonoids of the purple rice, the purple pericarp characteristic of rice is dominant over that of white periearp. The purple pericarp is controlled by two genes. Pb gene was positioned on chromosome 4, and Pa gene was mapped on chromosome 1. Proanthocyanidin is the major flavonoids of the red rice, red pericarp characteristic of rice＇is dominant over that of white pericarp. The red pericarp were controlled by two genes （Rc/rc and Rd/rd）, Re gene was mapped on chromosome 7, and Rd gene was mapped on chromosome 1. Rc gene encodes a bHLH protein as a Mycrelated transcription factor. It was reported that a 14 bp deletion within the exon 6 of the Rc gene caused the mutation from red to white color of periearp. In recent 20 years, many cultivars had been released in China and had been playing an important role in the rice production.
出处
《广东农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第21期11-13,17,共4页
Guangdong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803056)
关键词
有色稻
保健功能
研究现状
colored rice
function of heahhcare
research status
