摘要
最早的宪法用语是基于希腊人的经验确立的,它代表了一种"主体际关系"的宪法观。往后的宪法用语一直循着希腊思想的线索演变。西塞罗把拉丁化,同时把相应的宪法观念客观化为对公共事务的处理规则。西塞罗还基于当时的修辞学和医学的成就打造了rei publicae status和rei publicae constitutio两个表示宪法的词汇,并把它们的配词设定为可以互换。托马斯.阿奎那用ordinatio civitatis、ordo civitatis、regimen诠释了亚里士多德的宪法观念,把"主体际关系"的含义缩减为阶级关系的含义。进入民族国家时代后,产生了基本法、政治法、constitution、Verfassung等表示宪法的民族语言词汇,反映着民族-领土国家的政治现实,不同于古代宪法反映的城邦制国家的政治现实。历史上有很多词汇表示宪法,仅仅以constitution为线索考察西方语言中的宪法词汇史是片面的。
The most ancient term of constitution is the Greek word 'πολιτε′α',established on the basis of the constitutionalist experience of the ancient Greek peoples and representing a kind of constitutional concept of 'Inter-subject relationships'.Afterwards the terms for constitution evolved based on the clue of Ancient Greek thought.The Greek word 'πολιτε′α' was Latinized by Cicero,who objectified the concept of constitution as rules of public affairs.Cicero also made two phrases of rei publicae status and rei publicae constitutio to express constitution,and set the word of status and the word of constitutio to substitute each other.Thomas Aquinas used ordinatio civitatis,ordo civitatis and regimen to explain Aristotle's concept of constitution,and reduced its meaning of 'inter-subject relationships' to 'class relationships'.After the nation-state period,the words for constitution in many national languages emerged,such as lois fondamentales,loi politique,constitution,Verfassung,etc.They reflect the political reality of territory-nation state,which is different from the political reality of city-state reflected by ancient constitutions.As there are many words for express constitution in history,it is ex parte to only focus on the word 'constitution' in researching the history of terminology of constitution in western languages.
出处
《法学家》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第4期29-44,176-177,共16页
The Jurist
关键词
希腊宪法
罗马宪法
中世纪宪法
现代宪法
Greek Constitutions
Roman Constitution
Constitutions in Middle Ages
Modern Constitutions
