摘要
晚清时期"Republic/共和"概念的输入与接受,既是知识领域的跨文化互动问题,也是政治领域的现实行动选择问题。鸦片战争之后,中国人对西方共和概念的了解长期呈现名与实依违不定的特征。19世纪80年代初期,近代意义上的"共和"一词通过日文传入中国。1898—1902年间,梁启超等人经由日文著述对西方政体分类知识进行系统介绍,近代共和概念由此迅速流行开来,与革命潮流互为推演,并逐渐与中国古典"共和"划清界限。此后以梁启超和孙中山为代表,分别形成了两种竞争性的"共和"表述,前者侧重于知识和学理探讨,主张缓行共和;后者强调实际行动,主张跨越式速行共和。知识领域的问题与政治领域的问题相互交织,使西方共和概念的输入呈现为实与名的疏离。民初,"共和"成为耳熟能详的新名词,但制度移植的效果未能符合预期,以至于逐渐遭到质疑和批判。
The introduction and acceptance of the concept of 'republic' in the late Qing period is a problem of cross-cultural interaction in intellectual circles,and also a problem of choosing real actions in the political field.After the Opium War, Chinese people had an understanding of the Western concept of 'republic' where the name did not always accord with reality.In the early 1880s,the modern sense of 'republic' was introduced into China through the Japanese language.From 1898 to 1902,Liang Qichao and others systematically introduced knowledge about the Western political system,through translations of Japanese texts,and the modern concept of 'republic' spread quickly,interacting with revolutionary tides and gradually being differentiated from the classical Chinese concept of ' republic.' Afterwards,two competitive expressions of 'republic' were formed,represented by Liang Qichao and Sun Yat-sen.The former emphasized knowledge and academicresearch,and advocated delaying the implementation of a republic,but the latter stressed concrete action,advocating the quick implementation of a republic.Intellectual questions and political issues intertwined,as a result of which the introduction of the Western concept of 'republic' showed a divergence between name and reality.In early Republican China, ' republic' became a new term familiar to the Chinese people.However,the effects of the introduction of newpolitical systems were not consistent with expectations,so Chinese gradually came to doubt and criticize the new systems.
出处
《近代史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第1期4-21,160,共18页
Modern Chinese History Studies
