摘要
利用合成生物学构建人工生命体及采用组装生物合成途径生产抗疟疾药物青蒿素的成功,引起了人们对合成生物学的极大关注.本文主要介绍合成生物学在医药、生物能源、生物基化学品及其他工业领域的应用进展概况.医药领域包括青蒿素、抗生素、合成抗体、新的治疗方法及新药开发、分析诊断试剂研究等;能源领域包括生物制氢、生物产乙醇、生物产脂肪烃、高级醇等;生物基化学品领域包括1,3-丙二醇、脂肪酸、可降解性塑料的生产等.其他领域的应用包括环境保护、环境监测、生命科学探索等.同时介绍了本课题组在构建细胞浓度控制体系、并用NADH和NADPH生物转化甘油制备1,3-丙二醇的合成生物系统、核酸适体筛选、酶的耦联体系等方面所开展的有关合成生物学研究工作.最后,分析合成生物学应用前景与风险、发展瓶颈问题,并对发展方向进行了展望,指出今后应聚焦若干重要的工业生物体系,发展合成生物学的基础理论,开发合成生物学所需要的核心工程技术,构建人工生物合成体系及相关技术体系,利用合成途径生产高附加值产品.
Synthetic biology has been attracted to human because of the success of creating man-made organism and assembling biosynthesis pathway for producing the anti-malarial drug Artemisinin.This research focused on the application of synthetic biology in the fields of pharmaceuticals,bioenergy,chemicals based on biomass and other industrial fields.Examples in pharmaceutical field included Artemisinin,antibiotics,synthetic antibodies,new therapeutic method and novel drug development,assay and diagnosis reagents.Meanwhile,examples in bioenergy included bio-hydrogen,bio-ethanol,bio-aliphatic hydrocarbons,bio-higher ethanol and so on.Besides,examples in chemicals based on biomass included 1,3-propanediol,fatty acids,biodegradable plastics,etc.The application in other fields involved environmental protection,environmental monitoring,life sciences discovering and so on.The concerned researches about synthetic biology in our group were also demonstrated,which included the construction of cell concentration-controlled system and synthetic biological systems for biotransformation of glycerol into 1,3-propanediol using both NADH and NADPH,aptamer screening and coupled system of enzymes.Finally,the application of perspective,risks,development bottleneck and trend of synthetic biology were analysed.It was indicated that further research of synthetic biology should focus on several fundamental industrial biosystems to expand the basic theory,develop the key engineering technologies,construct man-made biosynthesis and technology systems,and make use of synthetic pathways to produce high added value products.
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期709-716,共8页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家自然科学基金(30770059
21076172)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010121050)资助
关键词
合成生物学
工业应用
医药
生物能源
生物基化学品
发展瓶颈
发展方向
synthetic biology
industrial application
pharmaceuticals
bioenergy
chemicals based on biomass
developing bottleneck
development trend
