摘要
传统的语法观念中,"形态"指词内部的变化形式,不管是构词形态,还是构形形态,总是属于词法的层面,但是如果不囿于印欧语的语法概念,客观地面对汉语的事实,我们发现在汉语方言中,有一些类似印欧语形态的语言形式是属于词组、给整个词组增添某种语法意义的。这些"形态",和词法层面的"形态"在功用上并无二致,如果承认汉语的词有某些类似印欧语形态的东西,我们就不得不承认汉语的词组也有"形态"。本文列举方言中的例子,论证无论是附加"形态",儿化"形态",重叠"形态",还是复合形式的"形态"都有些是属于词组的,并指出词与词组、词与词素的界线常常被打破是汉语的一个特点,词组"形态"的存在是汉语这一特点所使然,不承认这个特点,会对汉语语法的研究造成某些局限。
In traditional grammar, morphology usually refers to the intemal changes in word form; either it is word formation morphology or inflectional morphology. However after examining some linguistic facts without the restriction of the grammatical concepts of Indo-European languages, we found some forms in Chinese dialects can endow the phrases with certain grammatical meanings by attaching to them, which are no different in function from those in Indo-European languages. If it can be accepted that some Chinese words have morphological changes, then the existence of morphological changes in phrase should also be acknowledged. By enumerating examples in Chinese dialects, this paper tries to demonstrate that some of the affixation forms, er-suffixed words, reduplication structures and compound forms are subject to phrases. This paper also points out that phrase-based morphology is the reflection of one of the Chinese characteristics of overlapping boundary between morphemes, words and phrases, and that its denial will give rise to some defections in Chinese grammatical study.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第1期43-52,共10页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
关键词
方言
词组
形态
助词
儿化
重叠
Chinese
dialect
phrase
morphology
auxiliary words
retroflex suffixation
reduplication
