摘要
汉语的词类系统有很强的主观性,表现在用自身的形态手段——重叠和单双音节区分——把带有主观性的同类词分出来。首先区分的是摹状词和大名词(包含动词和形容词)。"是"、"有"二词的对立造成"主观肯定"和"客观叙述"的大分野,这个分野"横贯"充当谓语的名词、动词、形容词。其次在大名词内部先把主观性较强的形容词跟名词和动词区分开来。再次,形容词内部先按单音节和双音节区分"定性"和"摹状"。最后,动词内部的分类,如"非作格动词"和"非宾格动词",其实质是主观性强弱的区分,而不是基于论元结构的句法范畴的区分。
There is a high degree of subjectivity in the word class system in Chinese,which is reflected in many aspects.In the first place,reduplication and the mono-vs.di-syllabic opposition are used as morphological means to differentiate depictives(adjectives or adverbs depicting state)from nouns,the latter being a super-noun category which includes verbs and property adjectives.Unlike English is and there is,yǒu 有(there is,has)and shì是(is)represent two separate words and conceptions in Chinese.Thus,subjective assertion vs.objective narration is a major grammatical division which cuts across nouns,verbs,and adjectives in the predicate.Secondly,within the super-noun category,the division of nouns and verbs on the one side and adjectives on the other is more important than the noun-verb division.Thirdly,the subdivision of adjectives into property defining and state depicting is also based on the mono-vs.di-syllabic opposition.Lastly,the socalled'unaccusative'and'unergative'division within the verb category is in essence a subjectiveobjective division rather than a syntactic division.
出处
《外语教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第5期643-658,799,共16页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
