摘要
目的探索我国聋儿智力发育的特点,比较聋儿与健听儿童的智力发育情况,为提出合理康复策略和措施提供科学依据。方法在全国13个省随机抽取3～7岁听障儿童760名(其中,男404例,女356例;城市338例,农村422例)和774名同龄正常儿童,采用希-内学习能力测验评定两组智力发育水平,依据1994年修订健听儿童标准计算两组智商。结果依据健听儿童常模计算,本组3～7岁聋儿智商平均为86.82±18.09,比健听同龄儿童的智商(100.82±19.14)低,差异有显著统计学意义(t=14.72,P<0.001);3～4岁听障儿童学习月龄较同龄听力正常儿童低约2个月,随着年龄的增加,差别越来越大,到7岁时差距达18个月;与健听儿童相比,聋儿的手眼协调和伴随记忆发展较好,形象思维、空间知觉发展稍落后,而抽象思维、色彩记忆和分析综合能力发展明显落后。城市聋儿平均智商(91.56±19.03)高于农村聋儿平均智商(83.30±16.89),差别有统计学意义(t=6.111,P<0.001);男性聋童平均智商87.71±18.85,女性聋童平均智商85.80±17.17,差别无统计学意义(t=1.458,P=0.145)。结论目前我国聋儿智力发育水平仍然落后于同龄健听儿童,应加强聋儿的早期干预和心理健康教育,进一步探索提升聋儿康复远期效果的有效措施。
Objective To compare the intelligence difference between hearing impaired and normal children by studying their intelligence characteristics in order to provide scientific evidence for effective rehabilitation.Methods A random sampling was applied to 760 children with hearing impairment classified according to the criteria in China,and 776 children with normal hearing in the same age as the control.By assessing the mental development with H-NTLA to calculate the IQ according to the hearings＇ standard modifying in 1994.Results The total IQ of children with hearing impairment aged 37 years old is higher than the IQ 15 years ago,but is 14 significantly lower than children with normal hearing today （t=14.72,P=0.000）.The children with hearing impairment＇s IQ level are 2 months lower than the controls in 34 years old.As ages increase,the gap increases to 18 months in 7 years old.In comparison ,the hearing impaired children developed well in hand-eye coordination and accompanying memory,but imagery thinking and spatial perception are slightly slow; the abstract thinking,color memory and integrated capacity obviously lagged behind.The average IQ for the 338 children with hearing impairment in the city is 91.56±19.03,the IQ of 422 in the country is 83.30 16.89,there is significant difference in the residence（t=6.111,P=0.000）.The 404 boys average IQ is 87.71±18.85,and the 356 girls＇ is 85.80±7.17,there is no significant difference in the gender（t=1.458,P=0.145）.Conclusion The intelligence development of the children with hearing impairment in China still falls behind their normal counterparts.The society and the family should strengthen the early intervention and mental health education for the children with hearing impairment.The rehabilitation organization should further explore effective measures to enhance the long-term effects.
出处
《听力学及言语疾病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第6期545-548,共4页
Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BAI50B01)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(09&ZD072)资助
关键词
听障儿童
健听儿童
智商
智力测验
The children with hearing impairment； The children with normal hearing； IQ； Intelligence test；
