摘要
通过两个实验,对以往研究忽略的一种基于事件进行反应、且具有时间线索的混合型前瞻记忆的加工过程进行考察。结果表明,这种混合型的前瞻记忆可以通过控制加工或自动加工提取,还可能两种加工交替存在,被试在执行过程中,根据时间信息,有选择地、动态地将注意资源投入于不同时间段,现有理论不能解释这种现象。对多重加工理论进行补充,使之能够解释这种混合型前瞻记忆的加工机制。
Prospective memory （PM） refers to the task of remembering to perform an intended action at some point in the future. PM is divided into event-based prospective memory （EBPM） and time-based prospective memory （TBPM）. However, there are some kinds of complicated PM in real life, one of which is that intended action is based on target event （i.e., PM target） with the time of PM targets occurrence known. This kind of PM is called mixed time-based and event-based prospective memory （Mixed PM）. There is no research on this type of mixed PM. Whether its processing mechanisms can be explained by existing theories of EBPM and TBPM is worth exploring. The current study aimed to examine the cognitive mechanisms of this mixed PM with two experiments. Experiment One manipulated the knowability of execution time of PM and examined whether the interference effect existed during PM task. Three conditions were tested. In the baseline condition subjects had no PM task and merely performed 1-back task. In the EBPM condition, subjects were told to perform 1-back task and EBPM task embedded, but when the PM targets would occur was unknown. In the mixed PM condition,the same 1-back task as in the baseline and a mixed PM task were required and when the PM target would occur was known. The only difference between the two PM conditions was whether the time of PM targets occurrence was known. Results show that preparatory attentional process was engaged in PM persistently in the EBPM condition. But in the mixed condition, preparatory attentional process was selectively engaged in the target time windows, and the allocation of attentional resources was dynamic in the process of PM task. Experiment Two examined the cognitive process of the mixed PM in which PM targets occurred ahead of time. It was found that no subject allocated attentional resources to PM target before the first PM appeared in advance. Otherwise, some subjects fulfill the PM task successfully without monitoring. Then some subjects began to change their
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第11期1040-1049,共10页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部高等学校博士点专项科研基金课题(20060635002
20040635001)
国家重点学科基础心理学科研基金项目(NSKD06001)
福建师范大学教育学院海西教科青年学者认知神经心理学研究创新团队资助
关键词
前瞻记忆
混合型前瞻记忆
前瞻干扰效应
加工机制
prospective memory
mixed time-based and event-based prospective memory
prospective interference effect
processing mechanisms
