摘要
美国联邦政府大学教育救助政策诞生于第二次世界大战后,在发展中经历了三个方面的重大调整:一是救助理念由国家利益至上向满足个人需要、高等教育机会均等的变化;二是运作机制由以基于市场机制的商业银行管理为主、学校管理为辅向联邦教育部宏观直接管理、商业银行管理、学校管理并行的多元格局的调整;三是救助方式由以传统的助学金和贷款项目为主向"以税抵费"和"减免税收"政策为主、其他方式为辅的方向的转变。多元混合的救助理念使美国大学生救助事业呈现出救助机构多层次、资金来源多元化、救助性质多样化和救助项目层出不穷的局面;多样混合的救助方式使每一个想上大学却又面临经济困难的大学生都能从联邦政府得到不同的帮助,实现自己的大学梦。美国大学教育救助制度可给我国大学教育救助政策提供有益的借鉴。
The college education help policy of U S federal government was born after the Second World War. In the course of development, it has experienced three important adjustments： 1. the help ideal changed from the state benefit first to meeting the individual need and the chance equality of the higher education; 2. the operation changed from the business management as the main part and the school management as the subsidiary based on the market mechanism to the polybasic pattern of the parallel macro - direct manage- ment by the U. S. Education Ministry and the school management; 3. the help way changed from the traditional scholarship and the loan as the main part to＇replacement of the tax for payment＇and making＇remitting taxation＇policy as the main part and other ways as the sub- sidiary. The polybasic and mixed help ideal makes the help deed present the appearance that the organizations of the American college student help deed becomes multi - layer, the mode of financing polybasic and the help nature becomes varied and the help items contin- ue without end. The polybasic and mixed help form makes every student who wants to learn in the university but faces economic difficulty be able to get different helps form the federal government and realize his university dream. The American help - seeking system may afford us useful lessons in the respect of concerned policy.
出处
《郑州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第4期174-176,共3页
Journal of Zhengzhou University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition
