摘要
以不同发育时期的万寿菊顶芽为材料,利用普通光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透视电镜技术,结合外部形态观察研究了花芽分化过程、花器官的显微和超微结构。结果表明:(1)万寿菊顶芽头状花序分化始于两叶一心至三叶一心期,小花由外至内逐渐发育;(2)柱头形态变化过程为棒状→"丫"状→卷羊角状,授粉时柱头"丫"状,上表面两侧有长的饱满的指状乳突,中间有两纵列短的饱满的指状乳突,花粉附着在柱头的乳突上;授粉后柱头为卷羊角状,指状乳突干瘪;(3)成熟花药具两个花粉囊,中间由药隔分开;成熟的花粉囊壁由扁平的表皮细胞和纤维层构成;(4)花粉为长球形,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为近圆形,具3萌发沟,赤道轴长约37.5μm,极轴长约25.5μm,花粉外壁具刺状纹饰,长短不一,平均约4.65μm。
Taking terminal buds of different developmental stage of Tagetes erecta L.‘Scarletade’as materials,the flower bud differentiation process,micro structure and ultra-micro structure of flower organs were studied by using morphological observation,paraffin section and SEM and TEM.The results showed that：（1）The process of flower bud differentiation starts from the two-leaf period to three-leaf period,and from outward to inward,the developmental stage is closely related to morphological changes.（2）The structure of the stigma of the flower changes from bar-like to Y-type and finally to curved Y-type,there are plenty of papilla structures covered the surface,the stigma became curved Y-type after pollination and wizened papilla structures.（3）There are two pollen sacs in mature anthers,which were separated by connective tissues.The mature pollen sac wall is composed of flat epidermal cells and fibrous layer.（4） The pollen are prolate,ellipsoidal in equatorial view and nearly spherical in polar view,with 3 germinal furrows,and there are many spines of different length,with the average of 4.65 μm,on the exine.The equatorial axis length is 37.5 μm,and polar axis length is 25.5 μm.
出处
《园艺学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期785-793,共9页
Acta Horticulturae Sinica
基金
北京市科委项目(Z09050601050901)
农业部‘948’重点项目(2008-3G)
关键词
万寿菊
花器官发育
显微结构
超显微结构
Tagetes erecta L.
flower organ development
micro-structure
ultra micro-structure
