摘要
水生态系统的服务功能受到人类活动的严重胁迫和剧烈影响,对水生态服务功能的人类占用和胁迫效应进行研究具有重要意义.本文采用水当量方法,计算了1998—2007年北京地区人类活动对水生态服务功能的占用当量,并结合水资源供给量评价了人类活动对水生态系统的胁迫效应.结果表明:1)北京地区近10年人类活动的水当量超过其供给量的5～17倍;2)不同生态服务功能类型的水当量排序为:水环境净化>水资源供应>水生境维持>水安全调蓄;3)在时间序列上,水当量超过供给量的倍数呈先升后降的趋势,1999年的占用量超过其供给量的倍数最大.该研究揭示了北京地区人类活动对水生态系统服务的占用量远超过其可供给量,造成该地区水资源的过度占用,进而占用和影响其他地区的水生态服务功能.
Freshwater ecosystem provides a variety of services to humanity,and in return,human activities give strong stress on the services,particularly in urban area. It is of significance to study the impact of human occupation and stress on freshwater ecosystem. In this paper,a water equivalent method was used to calculate the human occupation on the freshwater ecosystem services in Beijing from 1998 to 2007,and assessed the human stress effect on the freshwater ecosystem,based on the total amount of water resources. In the past 10 years,the water equivalent of human activities in Beijing was about 5 to 17 times larger than the supply of the freshwater ecosystem. The water equivalent of the ecosystem services was decreased in the order of water environment purification water resources supply water habitat maintenance water safety regulation. The gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services had a trend of increasing to decreasing from 1998 to 2007,with the largest gap occurred in 1999. This study revealed that there was a huge gap between the consumption and the supply of freshwater ecosystem services in Beijing,which would inevitably result in the overloading occupation of the water resources in the City and give stress to the other regions.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期1146-1152,共7页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家"十一五"重大科技专项子课题(2008ZX07526-002-02)
国家自然科学基金项目(40925003)
城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1)资助
关键词
水生态系统
生态服务功能
水当量
胁迫效应
北京地区
freshwater ecosystem
ecosystem services
water equivalent
stress effect
Beijing.
