摘要
关于中国改革机制有众多的解释,新近提出的试验说被视为切中改革实践的一种理论。本文从内容到方法论层面对试验说进行评析,在此基础上提出替代性解释:试验是基于中央选择性控制的。中央对怎么改革并不预先设定一个原则和目标,而是通过对试验的不确定态度,实现对地方的选择性控制。改革过程中,除了维护政治权力秩序(地方服从于中央)的意识非常清晰之外,对怎么改革并没有明确的意识。实践的形式可以多种多样,至于采用哪种形式完全取决于中央的需要及对中央的功效如何,在根源上则受制于整个权力体系结构所受的约束。基于中央选择性控制的试验有利于中央化解危机但又不失对秩序的控制权,但客观上却使得试验难以充分发挥和推广,最终趋于同质化。
Among the numerous interpretations of China＇s reform mechanism, there is one which has been proposed lately and acclaimed as hitting the mark, and this is the theory of experiment. This paper, while analyzing both the content and the methodology of the theory of experiment, tries to give it the following interpretation as a substitute： the experiment is based on the selective control by the central government. The central government has no predetermined principle or goal about the reform, but, in an attitude of uncertainty, it exercises selective control over local governments. In the process of reform, the central government has no clear idea as to how to carry out the reform, but it has a clear and unmistakable consciousness of safeguarding the current order of political power （i.e., the local should be obedient to the central）. In terms of practicing the reform, there are a great variety of choices, but which one is taken depends on what the central government needs and what utility it can get. The choice is ultimately restricted by the limitation of the power structure as a whole. In an experiment based on the selective control by the central government, it is easy for the central government to dissolve crisis without losing its control over the order. The down side of it, however, is that it is difficult to exhaust the full strength of the experiment and bring it into wide application. The end result will be a near homogeneity.
出处
《开放时代》
CSSCI
2010年第4期59-81,共23页
Open Times
关键词
选择性控制
试验“实践”
治理
selective control, experiment, ＂practice＂, administration
