摘要
东北三省是我国重要的粮食生产和工业基地.近年来,随着经济发展增速加快和产业结构调整力度加大,畜禽养殖业发展迅速,畜禽粪便产生量也快速增加.如何合理处置和利用畜禽粪便对东北三省的农业生产和环境保护都具有重要意义.本研究基于GIS平台,从自然、环境、社会和经济等多方面对东北三省畜禽粪便农田施用的适宜性进行了定量分析和评价.结果表明,东北三省78.9%的耕地适宜施用畜禽粪便,总面积为211942.7km2,主要分布在黑龙江和吉林省的大部分地区.总体来看,与居民区、水体和道路之间的禁施距离,是限制东北三省畜禽粪便耕地施用的关键因子,降雨量差异是影响耕地施用畜禽粪便适宜性地区差异的主要因子.结合适宜施用畜禽粪便的耕地面积和现有畜禽养殖水平,以畜禽粪便排放P2O5为评价指标,36个城市的养殖可发展潜力从四平市超出耕地负荷181.3万头到齐齐哈尔市1120.3万头的盈余,差异较大.从区域分布看,东部区域还有284.2万头的养殖发展空间,西部地区的辽宁中部和吉林中部近一半城市畜禽养殖量已经超过耕地可承载能力,而典型山区林区的养殖业进一步发展的空间相对较小(25.2万头的盈余量),应该适度控制和调整养殖业的发展.
As an important industrial and grain production base of China,livestock and poultry industry have been rapidly developed in the northeastern provinces. With the rapid increasing amount of animal production,how to handle the huge amount of animal manure has become a critical issue for local government. A quantitative analysis based on geographic information system （GIS） combining the biophysical,environmental,social and economic factors was applied to determine the land suitability for manure application in the northeastern provinces. The results show that a farmland area of 211 942. 7 km2 ,accounting for 78. 9% of the cultivated land in three northeastern provinces,is estimated to be suitable for manure application. The suitable farmlands are mostly distributed in Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces. Proximity to residential area,water body and roads are identified as the primary factors influencing the manure application,while rainfall is the main factor to generate discrepancies in different areas. Furthermore,the future potential capacity for animal production in three provinces was forecasted based on the areas of suitable land and the population of existing livestock production. Among 36 cities of three provinces,the big variation is observed,Siping City is overproducing 1. 813 million heads of pig unit at present,but Qiqihaer City still has the potential to rear 11. 203 million heads of pig unit. Overall,eastern region of the study area holds the high potential for animal production with a surplus capacity of 2. 842 million heads of pig unit,the potential of the typical mountain and forest areas is only 10% of eastern region,however. In contrast,in half of western region （central Liaoning province and central Jilin Province）,their animal populations have exceeded the land carrying capacity. Therefore,we strongly suggest a site-specific animal production and manure application guide to achieve a sustainable development of livestock production in the northeastern provinces.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期1092-1100,共9页
Environmental Science
基金
环保公益性行业科研专项项目(200909042)
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD10B05)
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-007)
关键词
畜禽粪便
土地利用
适宜性
地理信息系统
最大可承载量
东北三省
animal manure
land application
land suitability
geographic information system （GIS）
maximum carrying capacity
the three northeastern provinces
